Stephen F

Stephen F. Austin State University

SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM MANUAL

Last Revision: 1999

Table of Contents

PART A:

Safety and Health Policy Statement

PART B:

Chapter 1 Risk Management

Chapter 2 Assignment of Responsibility

Chapter 3 Safety and Health Training

Chapter 4 Hazard Identification and Reporting Program

Chapter 5 Accident/Incident Investigation, Reporting, and Analysis

Chapter 6 Drug & Alcohol Free Workplace Program

Chapter 7 Emergency Management Plan

Chapter 8 Emergencies

Chapter 9 Training and Certification of University Vehicle Operators

Chapter 10 Texas Hazard Communication Act

Chapter 11 Return-to-Work Program

PART C:

Appendices:

Appendix A Safety Training Roster

Appendix B Safety Maintenance Checklist

Appendix C Employee Safety Information Form

Appendix D Supervisor's Investigation of Employee's Accident/Incident

Appendix E Bomb Threat Checklist

Appendix F Report of Medical Status/Release to Return-To-Work

Part D:

Safety Guides:

S-1 Basic Safety Standards

S-2 Shop Safety

S-3 Life Safety - Egress

S-4 Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

S-5 Silver Solder Brazing

S-6 Walking and Working Surfaces

S-7 Ladders

S-8 Safe Ladder Practices

S-9 Custodial Safety

S-10 Color Code for Marking Physical Hazards

S-11 Basic First Aid

S-12 Cold Water Treatment of Chemical and Thermal Burns

S-13 Electrical Shock

S-14 Printing, Ceramics, Glass Blowing and Enameling, Metal Working Process, Photography and Photo Processes

S-15 Office Safety

S-16 Respirator Protection

S-17 Scaffolding

S-18 Excavations

S-19 Lockout – Tagout

S-20 Confined Space Entry

Stephen F. Austin State University

SAFETY AND HEALTH POLICY STATEMENT

This document will establish for Stephen F. Austin State University the policy for the protection of the University's human and material resources and the maintenance of a safe and healthful environment complementary to the University's needs and the accomplishment of its goals.

The intention of this policy statement is to create among all members of the University community an awareness of and a commitment to an effective safety program. The primary concern of this program will be the safety and well being of the students, faculty, staff and visitors. The program will be promoted through training, identification of hazards, and initiation of loss-control measures aimed at the overall reduction of accidents and risk.

Responsibility for and the coordination of, the various aspects of the University's safety program are vested in the University Environmental Safety and Health/Radiation Committee, which reports to the President of the University. The Committee will be composed of the Radiation Safety Officer, the Chief of University Police, and other faculty and staff members appointed by the President. The Director of University Health Services, the Director of Safety, the Director of Hazardous Material Control, and the Assistant Safety Director acting as the Worker's Compensation Representative are ex officio members. The Committee will meet at intervals necessary to fulfill its responsibilities as a clearinghouse and consultative organization for the University safety and health problems, a liaison between the University and the State Employees Workers’ Compensation Division of the Office of the Attorney General of Texas, and an advisory body reporting to the President on the status of the University's safety control activities.

The Occupational Safety and Health Program for Texas State Agencies, published by the Attorney General of the State of Texas, is the program document for the University's safety program except as noted in item 1 below. Responsibilities are assigned to individuals at appropriate levels of authority and expertise as follows.

1. The responsibility for physical safety, fire protection, occupational health, and engineering controls is assigned to the Director of Safety, who reports to the Vice President for Business Affairs. The Director of Safety will assume the duties of Accident Prevention Coordinator. The Assistant Safety Director acting as the Workers’ Compensation Representative associated with the State Employees Workers’ Compensation Division of the office of the Attorney General of Texas shall report to the Director of Safety.

2. The responsibility for radiological safety, including the purchase, transportation, use, storage, and disposal of radioactive materials is assigned to the Radiation Safety Officer who reports to the President of the University. The Radiation Safety Officer will assume the responsibility for the Radioactive Materials Management Program to assure compliance with the conditions of the license/registrations issued by the Texas Bureau of Radiation Control, Texas Department of Health.

3. The responsibility for control of hazardous materials, including use, storage, and disposal of regulated hazardous materials, as well as the responsibility for compliance with the Texas Hazard Communication Act, is assigned to the Director of Hazardous Material Control who reports to the President of the University.

4. The responsibility for campus security, traffic control, criminal investigation, and civil order is assigned to the Chief of University Police who reports to the Vice President for University Affairs.

5. The responsibility for the maintenance of the health of students and the initial care of the faculty and staff members suffering from minor occupational injuries or illness is assigned to the Director of University Health Services, who reports to the Vice President for University Affairs.

In addition to the aforementioned and specifically assigned responsibilities, it shall be the general responsibility of all faculty and staff members to attempt to recognize hazards in their areas of activity and to take positive action to reduce or eliminate those hazards. Staff members shall be responsible for the education of their employees and students in regard to proper job procedures and recognized hazards before making task assignments.

In all University activities and endeavors, safety is the first concern. The members of the University community shall comply with all statutes, rules, regulations and codes by which the University is bound. They shall also attempt to comply with the spirit of any non-binding requirement which would further the University's intent to provide and maintain a safe and healthful environment in which to work, study, and live.

_____________________

Roland K. Smith

Interim President

January 25, 2000

Chapter 1
Risk Management E-43.5

Original Implementation: August 2, 1994

Last Revision: January 25, 2000

POLICY STATEMENT

The administration of Stephen F. Austin State University recognizes the significance of providing a safe working and teaching environment for both employees and students. Fulfilling educational philosophies and protecting facility assets are important priorities.

Institutional planning, with an emphasis placed on practical approaches to problem solving and risk control, are standards commonly adhered to in a University environment. Policies and procedures address controlling the total cost of risk while meeting the goals of conserving the physical and financial resources of the institution. The ultimate benefit is a reduction in the total cost of risk. Additionally, the University is a safer place for employees, students and the public to work, study and congregate.

It is the responsibility of the University administration to communicate the Risk Management Policy to University personnel. In so doing University personnel are educated on the concepts of safety and risk management. By demonstrating the ability to analyze exposure to loss and by implementing measures to control these losses the image of the University is improved in the market place and in the community.

The function of risk management is to minimize the adverse effects of events, be they physical or financial, through the implementation of three basic tools:

Avoidance. Risk is avoided by refusing to assume it. This is not always wise or possible as it may mean an end to an operation in a specific area.

Loss Prevention and Reduction. When a risk cannot be avoided, it can often be reduced and the severity of losses lessened through the proper training of staff, maintenance of equipment, updating of policies and procedures, and the proper implementation of adequate emergency procedures.

Transfer. If a risk cannot be avoided, it can be transferred to others. In negotiating contracts, the risk manager may recommend an insurance clause be included requiring evidence of the other party's insurance coverage. This type of document is a "certificate of insurance" and where appropriate, the institution may need to be named as an additional insured under the contractor's policy.

RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN

Loss or claim reporting procedures

I. Personnel

Faculty, staff, or student assistant injuries that occur during the scope of employment may be covered by Workers' Compensation. The employee must inform his/her supervisor and contact the University Claims Coordinator. Refer to University Policy and Procedure Manual, Workers’ Compensation Coverage, Index E-55.

The University does not maintain liability insurance for student or visitor injuries.

II. Property

Whenever a property loss occurs from fire, theft, explosion, flood, earthquake, vandalism, or any other such cause, a loss report is submitted to the University Police Department.

III. Students and Visitors

A. Occurrence: Whenever there is an accident or injury on University premises, a loss or injury to a student, visitor or company, or any other unplanned event, the Campus Police are notified. Campus Police will coordinate accident or injury reports with the Safety Office.

B. Procedure: The appropriate vice president is notified of all incidents that involve a student, visitor or company.

1. Once all of the facts have been documented, General Counsel is notified.

2. Employees are advised to discuss the case with no one until consulting with General Counsel.

3. No statements are made admitting liability or authorizing medical treatment unless cleared through General Counsel.

4. If any machine, product, or object is involved in the accident, it is preserved, as is, in a safe place until it can be examined.

SAFETY AND LOSS PREVENTION

I. Safety Network

A. The University Safety Committee is charged with the general oversight of the University Safety program. Communication channels that connect each operating unit of the University with the Safety Committee are necessary for an effective safety program. Each unit of the university system, (Item I-F), shall designate a Safety Representative who will act as the intermediary between the unit and a designated member of the Safety Committee.

(NOTE: The purpose of this network is not to relieve the unit members of the general responsibility to recognize hazards in their areas of activity and take positive action to reduce or eliminate those hazards, nor is it to relieve the faculty and staff members of their responsibility to educate their students and employees about proper job procedures and recognized hazards before making task assignments.)

B. Communication Pathway: The procedure for channeling safety information to the Safety Committee is as follows:

1. Any individual who discovers a safety problem shall notify the Safety Representative and/or the Supervisor.

2. The Safety Representative shall advise the appropriate supervisor, and the safety problem will be resolved at that level if possible.

3. If further action is necessary or if help is needed to clarify the problem and recommend a solution, the Safety Representative will refer the problem to the Safety Committee member assigned to that unit. The Safety Committee member will advise the Safety Committee of the problem.

4. The Safety Committee Chair and the Safety Director will take the issue under consideration.

5. Before action by the Safety Committee, the Department Chair and the Dean of the School or the Administrator of the unit shall be consulted, and every effort will be made to resolve the problem without committee action.

6. Should the scope of the problem be such that it is one of university-wide concern, or that resolution of the problem cannot be achieved at the department or unit level, the Safety Committee will consider the problem and recommend a course of action to the President of the University.

C. Alternate Communication Pathway: The plan as outlined does not preclude a person contacting the Safety Director, Safety Committee Members, and/or the Safety Committee Chair directly; however, it will be policy to refer the problem to the department or unit Safety Representative for resolution at that level if possible.

D. Other functions of the Network:

1. The network will serve as a means of communicating safety matters and concerns from the Safety Committee to the unit Safety Representative and thence to the faculty, supervisors, and employees.

2. A list of all Safety Committee members and their assigned areas of network responsibility will be provided to all unit and department Safety Representatives. A unit or department that operates in an environment that presents high risk shall establish a safety committee chaired by the Safety Representative, and the unit administrator (or a designated representative) shall be an ex-officio member. Each unit shall review its working conditions and the hazards associated with them to determine the need for a unit safety committee.

3. In order to maintain continuity of the Safety Communications Network, the term of the Safety Representative will be indeterminate, but subject to review. Each department or unit administrator shall send the name of the safety representative and names of the unit or departmental Safety Committee members, if appropriate, to the Chair of the Safety Committee by September 15 each year.

4. Each unit or department shall set aside at least four square feet of bulletin board space to be designated "SAFETY NOTICES," and it shall be maintained exclusively for safety information. The bulletin board will be the responsibility of the Safety Representative. A description of the SAFETY COMMUNICATION NETWORK, the Safety Representative's name, office number, and phone number shall be posted on the bulletin board.

E. Safety Suggestion Program

The Safety Communication Network will serve as the pathway for the Safety Suggestion Program to allow employees to voice their safety concerns and has a direct input into the safety program. Safety suggestions are to be directed to the Chair of the Safety Committee. Suggestions may be anonymous; however, satisfactory resolution of the safety problem may depend upon discussions with the person.

F. Unit Designations

For purposes of the Safety Communications Network, each academic department and the Library is considered to be a unit. The offices of the academic deans are a part of a department designated by the dean. Other unit designations are Austin Building, to include all persons who work therein; Computer Center; University Center; Health Clinic; Purchasing, to include Central Stores and the Warehouse; Physical Plant Administration and Shops; Motor Pool; Buildings and Grounds; Housing; University Police Department; Printing Services.

II. Safety Management

There are varying risks associated with activities and occupations at a University. The Safety Department serves the University community by identifying the areas of greatest risk and by making recommendations regarding elimination, substitution or reduction of those risks. Recommendations are based on the numerous regulations, codes, and standards that have been developed to assure public health and safety. Employees are encouraged to play an active role in the University safety program by identifying and reporting hazardous conditions. Refer to the University Safety Manual and the Fire and Safety Manual for Residence Halls and Apartments.

III. Instructional Program

Structured safety training such as defensive driving, special equipment instruction, and information concerning the Hazardous Communication Act will be offered to employees as deemed appropriate.

IV. Monitoring

The Risk Management Committee will meet quarterly to update or modify this document as needed. This committee will be charged with the responsibility of reviewing problem areas such as recurring injuries, accidents, or safety violations.

V. Travel and Vehicle Use Policy

Refer to the University Vehicle (Rental) Policy, Index B-30.

VI. Insurance

The purchase and renewal of insurance are the responsibility of the Vice President of Business Affairs. Insurance coverage is limited to what is allowed by state law.

VII. Employee Indemnification

Employees are indemnified within the course and scope of employment to extent provided by state law. Refer to Chapter 104, Civil Practice and Remedies, Vernon's Texas Codes Annotated.

Source of Authority: Vice President for Business Affairs

Cross Reference: Workers’ Compensation Coverage Policy, Index E-55; University Vehicle (Rental) Policy, Index B-30

Contact for Revision: University Safety Officer

Forms: None

Chapter 2

Assignment of Responsibility

A. Executive Director: The President is responsible for the establishment, implementation, and monitoring of Stephen F. Austin State University's Employee Safety and Health Program. To accomplish this, the executive director shall:

1. Appoint a staff member as the Stephen F. Austin State University Safety Director, who shall report directly to the Vice President for Business Affairs on safety-related issues.

2. Promote safety and health considerations as integral components in the planning and decision-making process at all levels of the organization.

3. Establish and communicate reasonable and measurable safety and health goals.

4. Hold managers/supervisors/employees accountable for acts and conditions within their areas of responsibility and control.

B. Safety Director: The Safety Director is responsible for establishing and administering the Stephen F. Austin State University Employee Safety and Health Program. Specifically, the safety director is to assist, advise, and guide the operation of the agency safety program. To accomplish this, he/she will:

1. Prepare information to be presented to all new employees concerning the employee safety and health program.

2. Assist management/supervision in establishing reasonable and measurable safety goals and objectives and provide performance feedback in attaining the established goals and objectives.

3. Annually review and update, as necessary, the Stephen F. Austin State University Safety and Health Program Manual.

4. Promote safety awareness through the distribution of educational materials such as posters, flyers, brochures, and safety articles.

5. Assist management/supervision with safety and health-related issues and topics to be presented and discussed at scheduled staff meetings.

6. Encourage management/supervision to conduct and document periodic safety inspections of assigned work areas.

7. Personally conduct and document at least an annual safety inspection of the entire agency.

8. Assist management, supervisors, and Additional Duty Safety Officers with accident/incident investigation to ensure that all mishaps are timely/thoroughly investigated and appropriate corrective action taken.

Supervise Assistant Safety Director:

Maintains a record of all job-related injuries or illnesses.

Perform timely analysis of agency accident/illness experience data and annually prepare a summary report

10. Keep the Vice President informed on an on-going basis of the status of the safety and health program. Prepare appropriate recommendations for identified problem areas.

C. Managers and Supervisors: Managers and supervisors at all levels are responsible for the effectiveness of the Stephen F. Austin State University's Employee Safety and Heath Program in eliminating or minimizing job-related injuries and illnesses. To do this, they shall:

1. Accept responsibility for the agency safety and health program.

2. Observe employees' work practices and take immediate action to reinforce safe behavior or to correct unsafe behavior or work conditions.

3. Include discussions and training on safety and health related issues and topics on a regular basis during staff meetings.

4. Ensure procedures are in place to timely investigate and report accidents/incidents in the assigned work area.

D. Employees: Each employee is responsible and accountable for his/her own safety to the maximum extent possible. Each employee shall:

1. Attend and participate in training and discussions concerning safety and health-related issues and concerns.

2. Perform assigned tasks and operate equipment in a safe manner.

3. Report to supervisor or manager any safety hazard, which cannot be immediately corrected by the employee.

4. Report to work in a physical condition which will allow safe accomplishment of the job.

5. Attempt to correct, if possible, any observed condition or practice that has caused, or has the potential to cause, an injury or damage to property. The circumstances and as much fact as possible should be reported to the supervisor immediately.

6. Seek training opportunities regarding safe work practices and safe operating procedures.

Chapter 3

Safety and Health Training

Employee training is probably our most valuable accident prevention tool in developing employee awareness of safety. Everyone needs training at one time or other. New employees need training to start off on the right foot. Existing employees who are changing jobs require training to perform their new jobs more efficiently and safely. Training is extremely important for employees assigned to an activity requiring reaching, material handling, and repetitive motion. Supervisors need training in safety management techniques to serve as the role models and to ensure employees are performing their assigned tasks in a safe and efficient manner. Retraining of employees at various times is necessary to reinforce safety procedures and to maintain proficiency in safe task performance.

The safety and health training component can be divided into two major categories; new employee orientation and specialized training.

1. New Employee Orientation - This is the first opportunity to establish the expectations for the agency safety and health program. This orientation training will normally be conducted within the first week of employment. Take the opportunity to emphasize the agency's commitment to safety and health. As a minimum the following topics should be covered with new employees:

a. Agency Safety and Health Policy

b. Employee's Safety Responsibilities

c. Emergency Response/Availability of First Aid

d. Reporting Unsafe Working Conditions

e. Management Support for Working Safely

f. Accident/Incident Reporting Procedures

g. Review of Fire and Emergency Evacuation Plan

h. Workers' Compensation Programs/Benefits

i. Agency Drug & Alcohol Free Workplace Policy

j. Texas Hazard Communication Act (Applicable portions)

k. Local Hazards

Specialized, High Interest Areas, or Specific Subject Matter Training - Most general safety training will be presented in 10-15 minutes during regularly scheduled staff meetings, where staff attendance is normally at a maximum. General safety training normally includes topics such as office safety, prevention of repetitive injuries, hazard recognition, hazard avoidance, and may cover hazards encountered off the job. For example, seasonal concerns such as water hazards, excessive exposure to the sun, and winter hazards may not be directly work-related; however, regardless of where injured, an injured employee is still not available for work. Specialized training normally requires more time and in some cases will need to be conducted by professional sources outside the agency.

Records and Documentation - It is essential that all training be adequately documented. As a minimum the following information should be obtained and maintained on file (Appendix A: Safety Training Roster)

Chapter 4

Hazard Identification and Reporting Program

An inspection program can be viewed as fact-finding with emphasis on locating potential hazards that can adversely affect safety and health of agency employees and customers. Its primary purpose is to detect potential hazards so they can be corrected before an accident occurs. An Inspection can determine conditions that need to be corrected or improved to bring operations up to acceptable standards, both from safety and from operational standpoints. Secondary purposes are to improve operations and thus to increase efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity. While management ultimately has the responsibility for inspecting the workplace, authority for carrying out the actual inspection process extends throughout the organization.

Responsibilities:

1. Supervisors and managers will continually observe their employees and work areas for unsafe work practices or conditions in assigned work areas; identify any observable safety hazard or unsafe work practice which may be present; and to personally correct, or implement immediate corrective action, and follow-up.

2. Individual employees will be alert to note and personally correct, if possible, any observable safety hazard or unsafe work practice within their individual work area. In the event the hazard or unsafe work practice cannot be immediately corrected, each employee is further responsible to immediately report the situation to his/her immediate supervisor.

Safety director will conduct yearly formal safety walk-through inspections.

Documentation:

1. Supervisors and managers will use a checklist (Appendix B: Safety Maintenance Checklist) to serve as a guide and to document random or periodic inspections. Additions or modifications to customize the subjects checklist will be necessary and are encouraged; however, the final form must be coordinated with the agency safety director. Housing Operations and Physical Plant Department has individual Inspection Sheets for their specific needs.

2. Supervisors and managers will provide a copy of the inspection results to the agency safety director.

3. Supervisors and managers will provide the agency safety director with monthly update status on corrective action(s) and follow-up action taken on corrective action(s) still outstanding.

4. The agency safety director will conduct random spot checks on corrective action(s) taken and conduct and document at least an annual agency-wide comprehensive inspection.

Hazard Reporting:

Normally, it is much easier for an employee to verbally report hazards to a supervisor. However, a verbal report may for a number of reasons are inadvertently overlooked and no appropriate action taken. Furthermore, without substantive documentation to identify the causes and resulting hazards, any trends and analysis within the agency's total hazard identification program will be incomplete and may lead to ineffective corrective actions. Therefore, employees will use the following reporting process:

1. In the event an employee notes a safety or health hazard and is unable to correct the hazard (i.e., a faulty wall socket), the hazard should be reported to a supervisor.

2. In the event the supervisor is also unable to personally correct the hazard immediately, the employee will complete the Employee Safety Information Form (Appendix C), which will be forwarded to the safety director.

3. The safety director will investigate the reported hazard and take whatever corrective action is necessary to ensure that the hazard is corrected. This may mean taking immediate action to prevent further employee exposure such as restricting use of a defective wall plug until the hazard is corrected.

4. Once the corrective action has been taken and documented on the Employee Safety Information Form, the originator of the report will be notified and provided a copy of the completed report.

5. Any employee may anonymously submit the report to the agency safety director. All such reports will be handled in the same expeditious manner and appropriate feedback provided to all employees when corrective action has been taken.

Safety Suggestions:

Employees do not have to wait until a hazard is clearly identified. In fact, all employees are encouraged to submit safety and health suggestions on how to improve work practices and/or the work environment. To ensure the suggestion is adequately communicated and appropriately handled, the Employee Information Form (Appendix C), specifically part 2, will be used for this purpose. Management will honor the disclaimer at the bottom of the Employee Information Form.

Chapter 5

Accident/Incident Investigation, Reporting, and Analysis

One of the best ways to prevent accidents is to investigate the causes of the accidents/incidents that do occur. A prompt, thorough investigation of any incident, regardless of severity, including "near-misses," is an important part of any good safety program.

Safety investigations should be fact-finding and not faultfinding. The intent is not to blame someone for the accident/incident. Rather the focus should be on finding out what happened, why it happened, and how we can prevent another similar accident from happening. What is learned from the investigation helps identify and correct problems, contributing to a safe and healthful workplace. Investigations should be conducted involving the following circumstances:

An accident which results in an employee injury.

An incident which results in a "near-miss" is one which "almost" or "could have" resulted in an injury-producing accident.

An incident which results in damage to state property.

A vehicle collision involving a state vehicle driven by an employee.

An occupational illness or disease, including but limited to: any form of cumulative trauma disorder (i.e., Carpal Tunnel Disorder, back/neck pain, etc.).

A collision involving a private vehicle driven by an employee on state business.

Responsibilities:

1. The supervisors will normally be the first person notified of an accident or incident. As soon as possible after an accident which results in injury to an employee or damage to property, the supervisor will: take immediate action as appropriate to prevent any further injury to an employee or damage to property; and will see that first aid is rendered as appropriate, and/or emergency assistance requested. As soon as practical, the supervisor will notify the agency safety director who will assist the supervisor and Additional Duty Safety Officer in conducting an investigation to include preparation of an accident report form (Appendix D: Investigation of Employee's Accident/Incident)

2. The agency safety director will ensure that appropriate notification procedures are available for the proper and timely notification of agency accidents/incidents. The safety director will also guide and advise supervisors and management in the investigation and reporting process.

3. All accidents which result in employee injury will also be reported to the agency claims coordinator (Assistant Safety Director) who will complete the Employer's First Report of Injury or Illness (TWCC-1S) according to applicable rules and instructions contained in the Claims Coordinator Handbook, published by the State Employees Workers' Compensation Division, Office of the Attorney General.

Documentation and procedures:

1. Supervisors with the assistance of the Additional Duty Safety Officer will complete the Accident/Incident Investigation Form (Appendix D) and return it to the safety director.

2. The investigation report form should be signed by the appropriate parties and submitted to the Safety Committee for review and approval of appropriate action(s), if necessary.

3. The agency safety director will ensure that recommended corrective action has been/or is being taken and make the appropriate documentation through a memorandum for record.

4. Depending on the frequency and/or severity of accidents/incidents, the safety director and the Safety Committee will jointly conduct an annual review and analysis of the agency's accident experience data to determine the effectiveness of implemented corrective actions and to detect any trends, either positive or adverse.

5. The investigation report form and any other documentation prepared during the investigation will be filed in the agency's permanent file and disposed of according to the agency's approved records retention schedule.

Chapter 6

ALCOHOL/DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE E-5

Original Implementation: unpublished

Last Revision: July 24, 1989

It is the declared policy of the United States Government to create a Drug-Free America by 1995. The Board of Regents of Stephen F. Austin State University adopts this policy to comply with the requirements of state and federal law and because of its desire to have a drug-free campus.

Definitions

1. Controlled substance means a controlled substance in schedules I through V of section 202 of the Controlled Substances Act, 21, U.S.C. 812. Examples include, but are not limited to: heroin, marihuana, mescaline, peyote, and cocaine. This definition does not include medication prescribed by a physician.

2. Conviction means a finding of guilt (including a plea of nolo contendere) or imposition of sentence, or both, by any judicial body charged with the responsibility to determine violations of the federal or state criminal drug statutes.

3. Criminal drug statute means a criminal statute involving manufacture, distribution, dispensation, use, or possession of any controlled substance.

4. Federal agency means an agency as that term is defined in section 552(f) of title 5, United States Code.

Prohibition, Discipline, and Treatment

1. The University prohibits all employees (full-time and part-time faculty, staff, and students) from engaging in the unlawful manufacture, distribution, dispensation, possession, or use of a controlled substance or alcoholic beverage in the workplace, or reporting to work under the influence of alcoholic beverages or illegal drugs. None of the funds appropriated to the University by the State Legislature for travel expenses may be expended for alcoholic beverages.

2. Observance of this policy is a condition of employment for all employees of the University.

3. An employee violating this policy shall:

a. Be subject to employment discipline up to and including termination; or

b. Be required to undergo satisfactory participation in drug abuse assistance or rehabilitation program, such as the Employee Assistance Program of the University.

4. Any employee directly engaged in the performance of work pursuant to the provision of a federal grant or contract who is convicted of violating a criminal drug statute shall notify his/her immediate supervisor of the conviction no later than five days after the conviction. The immediate supervisor shall promptly report the conviction to the appropriate vice president and the Director of Research Services. On behalf of the University, the Director of Research Services shall notify the federal agency grantor or contractor of the conviction within ten days of the University receipt of notice from the employee or of receipt of other actual notice.

Good Faith Effort

Stephen F. Austin State University shall make a good faith effort to maintain a drug-free workplace by implementing and enforcing this policy.

SOURCE OF AUTHORITY: P. L. 100-690, sec. 5151 et seq.; General Appropriations Act; Board of Regents; President

CROSS REFERENCE: Faculty Handbook, Non-Academic Employee Handbook, State of Texas Travel Allowance Guide

CONTACT FOR REVISION: General Counsel

FORMS: None

Chapter 7

Emergency Management Plan D-11

Original Implementation: November, 1986

Last Revision: October 26, 1999

An Emergency Management Plan has been adopted to guide the response of appropriate individuals to potential emergencies occurring on the campus of Stephen F. Austin State University.

I. Authority and References

A. Authority for implementation of the Emergency Management Plan rests with the President of Stephen F. Austin State University.

B. References

1. Article 51.210 and Article 51.203 of the Texas Penal Code.

2. The Texas Emergency Disaster Act of 1975, as amended (Article 6889-7, Vernon's Civil Statutes).

3. The Texas Emergency Management Plan, and Annex L - Texas Department of Health.

II. Purpose

The purpose of this plan is to provide the necessary guidelines, procedures, and instructions for implementing emergency operations at SFASU. Emergency operations will utilize the existing University organizations, with aid as necessary from city, state, and federal governments.

III. Scope

This plan constitutes the general guidelines for personnel of the University and for such other departments or individuals as may come under the direction and control of the University while engaged in activities intended to mitigate the harmful effects of accidents or natural disasters. Further, this plan provides guidelines for response to such occurrences.

This plan is intended to stand alone or to complement other plans and provisions of the Texas Emergency Management Council and of local government. Provisions of this plan that are not specific to the activities of the University, have been included for purposes of clarity and their presence here is not intended to supersede or abrogate the provisions of the Texas Emergency Disaster Act of 1975.

IV. Situations and Assumptions

A. Situations

The University is an autonomous community of approximately 13,000 people surrounded by a city of approximately the same size. The University is responsible for providing law enforcement and internal distribution of utility services to the University community on a day-to-day basis.

B. Assumptions

1. The University is more knowledgeable about its facilities than are other agencies.

2. In the event of a disaster, the University may be dependent upon its own personnel and resources in the interval prior to the arrival of help from the usual sources.

3. In the event that the University is not affected by the primary disaster, its personnel and resources may be available to supplement and support local services.

V. Direction and Control

A. Routine organization (See University organizational chart.)

B. The organization of the Emergency Operation Center (EOC) will vary from the routine structure as follows:

1. The location of the primary EOC will be designated by the Director of the EOC upon activation of this plan after consideration of the nature of the emergency.

2. The secondary EOC may be in the University Police Department.

3. The EOC Director will be designated by the President of the University and he, or his designee, must be present in the EOC as long as the plan is activated. He will serve as the official source of information to the University response personnel and will represent the University in the coordination of activities with other agencies. To aid the EOC Director, representatives of those who are assigned responsibilities in Section VI will be present in the EOC, as needed, to record and document incoming information and to dispatch information to the appropriate personnel. The EOC staff will coordinate requests for service and assignment of resources.

C. Warning and Notification

This plan will be implemented by the President of the University when information is received from a credible source concerning a potential or actual disaster that requires a positive response by the University. In the absence of the President, the provisions of the President's Line of Succession", in section VII of this policy will determine the line of authority applicable to the implementation of this plan. Information received shall be verified and evaluated to determine the response required and the division having responsibility for such action. The individual who evaluates the information must have a thorough understanding of the capabilities and responsibilities of each department of the University. An up-to-date listing of persons to be notified during duty hours, after duty hours, weekends and holidays shall be available to the University Police Department dispatcher. The prioritized list of individuals to be called will consist of a name and at least two alternate names along with office and home phone numbers. Changes in the list shall be submitted to the Chief of the University Police Department (UPD). The notification procedure is as follows:

1. The UPD will maintain the callout list and make the initial notification.

2. The UPD will initially dispatch personnel as necessary until the EOC is established, then control will shift to the Director of the EOC who is responsible for emergency management.

3. Major problems will be reported to the EOC.

D. Public Information

All public information shall be provided by or coordinated with the Director of Public Information. The designation of a single University spokesperson provides a single point of contact for persons seeking information and provides a single point through which information is released.

VI. Assignment of Responsibilities

A. University President

The President or his designee is the Director of the Emergency Operation Center and shall be responsible for delegating duties to the other staff members as the emergency situation dictates.

B. University Police Chief

The Police Chief is responsible for furnishing and directing the manpower necessary to maintain security in the affected areas. He will maintain traffic control, preserve law and order, direct search and rescue operations, and provide communication between the scene of the emergency and the EOC.

C. Director of the Physical Plant

The Director of the Physical Plant is responsible for coordinating requests for supplies and personnel and for making deliveries to the emergency area. He will discontinue and restore utility services as conditions dictate, clear debris, and restore buildings to functional use, when it is determined that the buildings are safe.

D. Director of Auxiliary Services

The Director of Auxiliary Services is responsible for providing meals for students and other University personnel as conditions dictate and will coordinate the use of the University Center facilities as directed by the President or his designee.

E. Director of the University Health Clinic

The Director of the University Health Clinic is responsible for determining the medical needs, arranging for emergency medical supplies, and the establishment of First Aid Stations in or near the affected area, but clear of immediate danger.

F. Director of University Public Information

The Director of Public Information is responsible for the timely and accurate dissemination of information to the news media. He will establish an emergency telephone information center to inform students' parents as necessary, and arrange for photographers to document the disaster.

G. Director of Safety

The Director of Safety is responsible for providing the Director of the EOC with specific information about facilities and conditions existing which relate to the emergency. He will work with the city fire department and University police when evacuation is warranted. He will assure that facilities and buildings are safe before they are restored to service.

H. Director of Hazardous Materials Control and Radiological Safety

The Director of Hazardous Materials Control is responsible for monitoring of radiation sources, providing the Director of the EOC with information about locations of hazardous and toxic materials on campus, and to serve as consultant to the Director of the EOC.

I. Director of Housing

The Director of Housing will be responsible for the relocation and housing of students.

VII. Line of Succession

To insure continuity of University activities during threatened or actual emergencies, the following line of succession for EOC command is established as follows:

Dr. Roland Smith, Vice President for Business Affairs;

Dr. Janelle Ashley, Vice President for Academic Affairs;

Dr. Baker Pattillo, Vice President for University Affairs;

Dr. Jerry Holbert, Vice President for University Advancement.

A list of the Line of Succession for the other positions on the EOC staff will be provided by the appropriate directors and be appended to the emergency callout list.

VIII. Support

Request for assistance, including activation of the Texas National Guard or other military assistance, will be made by calling the State Disaster District Headquarters located at the Department of Public Safety Disaster District Headquarters, Region Sub 2B office in Lufkin, telephone (409) 634-5553. In the event that the State Disaster District Headquarters cannot be reached, the request for assistance can be made to the local Department of Public Safety Supervisor.

IX. Emergency Action

The various types of disasters, related terms, and an outline of general actions are defined for each threat. Each stage of a potential disaster is assigned a condition status number as follows:

A. Condition 4 will refer to normal operating conditions when daily work routine is not interrupted by disaster or impending emergency situations. No action is necessary.

B. Condition 3 will refer to a severe weather watch established by the U.S. Weather Service. Such a watch may be issued for any of the following conditions:

1. Tornado Watch: Conditions are favorable for tornado formation. The action is to maintain daily routine, notify the appropriate department heads of conditions, and be ready to respond to a warning.

2. Severe Thunderstorm Watch: Atmospheric conditions exist such that severe thunderstorms may develop. The action is to maintain daily routine, notify the appropriate department heads of conditions, and be ready to respond to a warning.

3. Flood Watch: Conditions are favorable for rising waters. The action is to maintain daily routine, notify the appropriate department heads of conditions, and notify Physical Plant.

C. Condition 2 will refer to severe weather warnings as issued by the U. S. Weather Service and relayed by local radio and TV stations. Such warnings may be issued for any of the following conditions:

1. Tornado Warning: A tornado has been sighted or seen on radar. The action is to notify EOC personnel and place them on alert status. Maintain the daily routine and notify the appropriate departments to take such action as is required.

2. Severe Thunderstorm Warnings: Severe thunderstorms have been sighted visually or on radar. The action is to maintain the daily routine and notify the appropriate departments to take such action as is required.

3. Flood Warning: Conditions are such that waters may exceed a safe control level. The action is to maintain the daily routine and notify the appropriate departments to barricade areas of possible flooding.

D. Condition 1 indicates any of the following conditions:

1. A tornado strikes

2. Flash flooding

3. A major accident or a disaster, man made or natural, occurs without warning

4. A major fire

5. An explosion

6. An electrical blackout

The EOC is activated and all department heads are notified. The EOC members will report to the center. All other department heads will follow their standard operating procedures. It is imperative that all actions taken or anticipated by any department be coordinated with the EOC.

X. The post-disaster actions will consist of the following:

A. Check and/or re-establish communications.

B. Maintain law and order.

C. Perform fire protection and rescue operations.

D. Set up triage stations if necessary and assure acceptable health conditions.

E. Assess extent of damage.

F. Perform emergency clean-up and debris removal.

G. Request outside assistance as required.

H. Establish controls on critical resources and direct their distribution when necessary.

I. Designate restricted areas as necessary.

J. Furnish regular status reports to the State Department of Public Safety Disaster District Headquarters, Region Sub 2B in Lufkin, telephone (409)634-5553, as appropriate.

K. Keep the public informed of conditions. Utilize photographers to document extent of disaster.

L. Insure orderly operations of shelters, provide welfare necessities to the extent possible, and direct all shelter operations.

M. Conduct radiological monitoring and notify "Chemtrec" (1-800-424-9300) if a hazardous material disaster occurs.

N. Examine the disaster area for life safety hazards and assure that precautions are taken to protect personnel until normal operations are established.

XI. Implementation

Source Of Authority: Texas Government Code sec. 418.001 et seq.; Texas Education Code sec. 51.201 et seq.; The Texas Emergency Management Plan, Annex L - Texas Department of Health; President

Cross Reference: Employee Safety Manual

Contact For Revision: Safety Director

Chapter 8

Emergencies F-10

Original Implementation: Unpublished

Last Revision: January 20, 1998

Any emergency situation or threat of violence should be reported immediately to the University Police Department (UPD) 468-2608.

Each department within the University is responsible for maintaining current emergency notification information for each employee working in their department. This information should be updated at least annually or whenever an information change occurs.

Certain specified emergencies will be reported and/or investigated as outlined below.

Accidents/Injuries. The dispatcher answering the call will determine needed action. If an ambulance is needed UPD will contact the ambulance service and provide proper directions for the campus location. An officer will also be dispatched to the scene. UPD shall notify the Safety Director immediately when responding to a call involving an injury to a University employee. After investigation, if a report is warranted, the officer will file the report. A copy can be obtained on the next working day at UPD.

Armed Robbery. If confronted with an armed robbery situation, a University employee should follow the instructions of the person committing the robbery and, as soon as it is safe to do so, report the situation to UPD.

Bomb Threats. Any University employee receiving a threat should obtain as much information as possible and report to UPD immediately. Any decision to evacuate the area will be made by the appropriate vice president and the Chief of University Police.

Death. UPD will conduct an investigation, notify other necessary authorities and notify the immediate family.

Elevator Rescue. Any person trapped in an elevator should use the emergency telephone located in the elevator which is a direct line to the University Police Department. UPD will give instructions to the person by telephone, dispatch an officer to the elevator, rescue the trapped individual(s), lock the elevator to prevent further use, and place a service call for repairs.

Fire. When a fire alarm is activated, either by an electronic device or a telephone call to UPD, a University police officer will be dispatched for inspection. The officer will determine if the alarm is false or indicates an actual fire. If a fire exists, the officer will call the city fire department and evacuate the area if, in the opinion of the officer, this is necessary. If the alarm was false, the officer will reset the alarm and report the incident to the Criminal Investigative Division of UPD.

Theft. Upon receiving a theft report, a University police officer will begin an investigation of the alleged theft. If the investigation reveals enough evidence for a conviction, the Criminal Investigative Division of UPD will file the appropriate charges at the Nacogdoches County courthouse.

Source Of Authority: Vice President for University Affairs

Cross Reference: None

Contact For Revision: Chief of University Police

Forms: None

Chapter 9

Training and Certification of University Vehicle Operators D-36

Original Implementation: May 4, 1983

Last Revision: January 20, 1998

1. For the purpose of this policy, the following definitions shall apply.

a. "Operate" means to be in actual physical control of a motor vehicle upon a highway.

b. "Highway" means the entire width between property lines of any road, street, way, thoroughfare, or bridge in this state not privately owned or controlled, when any part thereof is open to the public for vehicular traffic and over which the state has legislative jurisdiction under its police power.

c. "University" means Stephen F. Austin State University.

d. "Approved Driver Certificate" means a certificate issued by the University based on prescribed training demonstrated proficiency and satisfactory driving record.

e. A "hazardous traffic violation" means "any act committed in connection with the operation of a motor vehicle on a public street or highway, which constitutes a hazard to traffic and is prohibited by state law or city ordinance." Hazardous violations shall include parking on pavement and all equipment violations except overweight violations.

f. "A satisfactory driving record" means a driving record in which an employee has less than ten points accumulated for traffic-related violations during the last three years and has no violations occurring during the last seven years according to the point system provided in this policy.

2. In determining employee eligibility for an Approved Driver Certificate, the following points shall be assessed for convictions of traffic related violations:

a. Three points for any hazardous violation that does not contribute to a traffic accident.

b. Four points for any hazardous traffic violation that does contribute to a traffic accident.

c. Ten points for any of the following:

1) Driving while intoxicated.

2) Aggravated assault with motor vehicle

3) Driving under the influence of drugs

4) Murder without malice with motor vehicle

5) Homicide by vehicle

6) Failure to stop and render aid

3. A person with a 10-point violation on his record within the past seven years shall not be eligible for an Approved Driver Certificate.

4. For the purposes of this policy, the Chief of University Police may regard a probated sentence for traffic related violation the same as a conviction.

5. In order to operate a University motor vehicle upon a highway, an employee must be designated by the employing department, college, or division as a driver and must meet the following standards:

a. Provide evidence of an appropriate, valid Texas driver's license;

provide evidence of the satisfactory completion of a course of defensive driving; and,

c. Provide evidence from the Driver Records Division of the Texas Department of Public Safety of a satisfactory driving record.

Applications for an Approved Driver Certificate may be obtained from the Chief of University Police. (See Driver Certification policy.)

6. Upon fulfillment of the requirements in number 5, above, the Chief of University Police shall issue an Approved Driver Certificate to the employee. This certificate shall authorize the employee to operate any University motor vehicle of one-ton carrying capacity or less upon the highways.

To be certified for a University motor vehicle in excess of one-ton capacity, the employee must demonstrate proficiency in the operation of the type of vehicle in question. Demonstration of the proficiency shall be indicated by an endorsement to the Approved Driver Certificate.

7. An Approved Driver Certificate shall be valid for two years. Renewal of the certificate may be acquired by the presentation of a satisfactory driving record issued by the Driver Records Division of the Department of Public Safety during the month of renewal.

8. An employee holding an Approved Driver Certificate who is involved in a hazardous traffic violation may be required to repeat any phase of the certification process. Habitual or repeated violation of the University policy or the Texas Motor Vehicle Law may result in the suspension or cancellation of an Approved Driver Certificate. The Chief of University Police may refuse to issue or renew an Approved Driver Certificate to an employee without notice or hearing.

9. Upon presentation of a satisfactory driving record and proficiency, an employee may apply for, and the Chief of University Police may issue, a Temporary Approved Driver Certificate. A temporary certificate may be issued for a period of 180 calendar days and may not be renewed. The temporary condition of the certificate may be removed by the Chief of University Police upon the completion by the employee of the defensive driving course required in paragraph 5.

10. The Manager of Transportation shall not permit an employee who does not hold an Approved Driver Certificate to operate any University motor vehicle under his control. The chief administrator of a department, college, or division of the University shall not permit an employee who does not hold an Approved Driver Certificate to operate a University motor vehicle under his control.

Source of Authority: Board of Regents, President

Cross-Reference: None

Contact for Revision: President

Forms: None

Chapter 10

Texas Hazard Communication Act

All new employees must be informed of the Texas Hazard Communication Act at the time of employment. This notification must be documented.

Chapter 11

Return to Work E-57

Original Implementation: January 28, 1997

Last Revision: None

It is the policy of Stephen F. Austin State University to provide a return to work program as the means to return employees to meaningful, productive employment following injury or illness. To provide the highest level of quality service to the citizens of Texas, the necessity exists for every employee of the University to be available for work, ready, and capable of performing the duties and responsibilities for which the employee was hired.

The return to work program may provide opportunities for any employee of Stephen F. Austin State University who sustains a compensable injury during the course and scope of employment, a disability as defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act, and/or a serious health condition as defined by the Family Medical Leave Act, to return to work at full duty. If the employee is not physically capable of returning to full duty, the return to work program may provide opportunities, when available, for the employee to perform a temporary assignment in which the employee's regular position is modified to accommodate the employee's physical capacities, or to perform duty at an alternate position.

Each case will be evaluated on an individual basis according to the limitations of each employee as documented by a physician and the job responsibilities of the position. The physician's documentation must be provided on the University's Attending Doctor's Return to Work Recommendations form including a thorough assessment of the employee's specifications considering their official job description. A copy of the job description must be provided to the physician and can be obtained from the Director of Personnel. Failure to provide the appropriate documentation for light or medium duty return to work conditions may be grounds, among others, for denial of light or medium duty assignments. Light duty is limited to a specific time frame and may not exceed 12 weeks before being upgraded to medium work, then on to regular work. The University will request a release from the employee for direct communication with the physician regarding those matters that directly relate to return to work assessments. The University reserves the right to properly assess and verify the employee's physical capabilities as they relate to the job.

This return to work program shall not be construed as recognition by Stephen F. Austin State University, its management, or its employees that any employee who participates in the program has a disability as defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. If an employee sustains an illness or injury that results in a disability under the ADA, it is the employee's responsibility to inform the supervisor or a person in a responsible management position that a disability under the ADA exists and that a reasonable accommodation will be necessary to perform the essential functions of the position held. Confirmation of the disability by a licensed physician or other appropriate medical provider as determined by the University is required. Such documentation may be assessed or verified by the University. Reasonable accommodations may be granted in conjunction with the physician's assessment of the employee's capabilities as it relates to the job and the University's needs.

As each situation arises the case will be evaluated independently by the supervisor, head of department, Claims Coordinator, Personnel Director, the physician, and other administrators as necessary. Timely contact of individuals cited in their respective areas of responsibility is required to provide the employee with prompt care and justifiable accommodations. If possible, a modified offer of employment will be proposed. The Offer of Employment form is to be used for this purpose.

SOURCE OF AUTHORITY: Office of the Attorney General

CROSS-REFERENCE: None

CONTACT FOR REVISION: Risk Management Committee

FORMS: Attending Doctor's Return to Work Recommendations; Offer of Employment

OFFER OF EMPLOYMENT

Dear

The SFA Workers' Compensation Division is in receipt of medical information from your treating physician, _________________, outlining the restrictions under which you are able to return to work. The _________________Department will abide by the physical limitations as outlined by your physician. In accordance with Rule 129.5 of the Texas Workers' Compensation Commission, the following information is provided to you for consideration as a Bona Fide Offer of Employment.

Position Title:

Expected Duration of the Offered Position:

Hours of Duty:

Wages: Same as before injury

Job Description/Work Requirement:

Position is on the SFA campus and includes State buildings.

Should you have any questions, please contact the undersigned below.

Sincerely,

Signature

Title

Employee:

________ I have read and understand the requirements of the position and accept the position.

________ I have read and understand the requirements of the position but do not accept the position.

__________________________________ _____________________

Signature Date

___________________________________________________________

SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-1

BASIC SAFETY STANDARDS

___________________________________________________________

The following safety standards are common to all University employees.

I. GENERAL:

A. Employees should report to work rested, alert and fit to give full attention to their job.

B. No one is expected to take risks on their jobs. The common sense, safe way, is the best way to do a job.

C. Report ALL injuries for treatment. Cuts and scratches can become infected unless properly cared for.

D. Report ALL accidents, even near misses, to your supervisor immediately to help correct problems. (The next time it may not be a near miss!)

E. Employees should report to their supervisor, any medication they may be taking PRIOR to beginning work.

F. Learn the right way to do your job safely.

G. Employees are urged to make suggestions that will assist in the safe performance of their work.

II. SAFE CLOTHING:

A. Dress for the job. Loose-fitting clothing is dangerous around moving parts of machinery.

B. Wear sturdy shoes that are in good condition and suited for your work.

C. Avoid wearing oil soaked clothing that may catch fire or cause skin irritation.

D. Avoid wearing metal jewelry near electric equipment or machinery (bracelets, rings, neck chains, etc.)

III. HOUSEKEEPING:

A. Keep aisles and work places clear. Keep tools or materials neatly piled and so located that people passing will not be injured.

B. Store wastes, oily rags and other flammable material in receptacles with self-closing lids.

C. Refuse containers should not be overfilled. They should be emptied daily.

D. KEEP EXITS CLEAR AT ALL TIMES. Fire doors SHALL NEVER be blocked or otherwise made inoperative.

E. Keep stairways and landings clear and free from materials that could cause a tripping hazard.

F. Scrap from machines should not be allowed to accumulate on the floor. Clean up regularly.

G. Nails and pieces of wood with protruding nails should not be left on the floor.

H. Use a broom and pan when removing broken glass; never pick glass up with bare hands.

I. When a slippery substance such as grease or oil is spilled on the floor, clean it up immediately or spread sand, or similar material on the spot until it can be cleaned up.

IV. MACHINES:

A. Unless you have been taught how to operate a machine, don't use it.

B. When oiling, cleaning, adjusting or performing any work on an electrical driven machine be sure the electrical service (or disconnect) is "locked-out" and taped as "maintenance being performed - do not operate."

C. After making repairs or adjustments to a machine, REPLACE GUARDS before machine is started.

D. Before starting to work on a machine that has a dangerous point of operation, make sure the guard is in place and properly adjusted.

E. Guards are installed for your protection; don't render them inoperative.

F. Remove chips from around moving machine parts with a brush, not with your hand or compressed air.

V. SMALL TOOLS:

A. Use only tools that are in good condition. REPORT DEFECTIVE TOOLS.

B. Burred or mushroomed heads on cold chisels, hammers, etc. must be dressed off before using.

C. Replace splintered, broken, rough or loose tool handles before using tools.

D. Equip files with handles before using them.

E. Wrenches with sprung or spread jaws should not be used.

F. Keep the points of screwdrivers shape properly; don't use screwdrivers with broken or rounded points or bent shafts.

G. When using a screwdriver, place the work on a bench or some solid object; NEVER hold the work in the palm of your hand.

H. Sharp edge tools shall be stored in a safe place. When such tools must be carried about, cover points or sharp edges with shields, and never carry unshielded sharp tools in your pockets.

I. Always use the proper tool for the job.

VI. LADDERS:

A. Ladders with broken, split or other wise defective rungs or spreader bars must not be used. Report defective ladders to your supervisor.

B. Be sure a ladder is firmly set down before you climb it; if necessary, block it at the bottom and lash it at the top. The foot should set one-fourth of the ladder length away from the wall against that the ladder is leaning.

C. Ladders must be equipped with safety feet to help prevent the ladder from slipping.

D. Leaning sideways or overreaching, while working from a ladder, may cause the ladder to slip or you may lose your balance.

E. When working with A-type ladders, always open or spread fully and make sure the spreaders are in place before you attempt to work from the ladder.

F. Tools left on top of stepladders are liable to fall and injure someone. Keep tools in a bucket or box lashed to the ladder or in tool pouches.

G. Face the ladder when going up or down and keep one hand free for support.

H. Stepladders must not be used for straight ladders; they are not designed for this purpose.

I. Ladders must not be painted as defects may be covered up. Use good grade of spar varnish or a mixture of linseed oil and turpentine to preserve the wood.

VII. LIFTING:

A. Be sure you have a good footing then lift with a smooth even motion; don't jerk on a load.

B. Remove greasy substances from the hands before attempting to lift. Get a good handhold.

C. When lifting heavy objects, shift the load or your body until you are in position to make a straight lift. Never lift while in an awkward position.

D. When making a lift from the floor, keep your arms and back straight and bend your knees, keeping load close to your body, then lift with the powerful muscles in your legs.

E. Ask for help when, because of excessive weight, bulk or awkward shape, the load can't be handled safely by one person.

VIII. ELECTRICITY:

A. Unless it is a part of your regular job, don't attempt to repair or adjust any electrical equipment.

B. Treat all electric wires as live wires. DO NOT TOUCH DANGLING WIRES. Report them immediately.

C. Ground wires leading from electrical apparatus must not be disconnected or broken.

D. When working with electric portable tools, especially when in damp places, check the insulation or extension cords. Also wear rubber shoes.

E. Disconnect electrical service to electrical driven machinery and tag as "maintenance being performed - do not operate"

F. Before using an extension cord make sure there are no breaks in the insulation and that the plug socket and lamp guard are in good condition.

G. Never use an extension cord in the place of permanent wiring.

H. Voltages lower than 110 will cause death under certain conditions.

IX. OFF THE JOB:

A. When Driving:

1. Consider the official speed limits as maximum speeds.

2. Drive so you can stop in time, if an emergency should arise.

3. Consider the other driver; drive defensively.

4. Use seat belts and shoulder harnesses.

B. At Home:

1. Eliminate hazards that could cause falls, such as toys, tools, etc. on the floor or stairways and slippery floor surfaces. Avoid such unsafe acts as standing on boxes or chairs.

2. The hazards of electrical equipment should not be neglected. Worn wiring, overloaded outlets, defective equipment and electrical equipment that is not of the approved type should not be used. Don't handle electrical devices when your hands or feet are wet.

3. Never route electrical cords under carpeting.

WHEN AN ACCIDENT OCCURS, IT IS BECAUSE SOMEONE HAS FAILED TO FORESEE THAT IT COULD HAPPEN. IF YOU THINK AHEAD OF THE POSSIBLE HAZARDS THAT COULD CONFRONT YOU, YOU CAN PLAN AHEAD AND AVOID THEM. PRACTICE SAFE HABITS.

_____________________________________________________________________________

SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-2

SHOP SAFETY

_____________________________________________________________________________

GENERAL

Man dislikes rules and regulations, yet he understands and agrees that in any well ordered society such "mandates" are necessary. Without them, chaos exists and we live in fear.

The Stephen F. Austin State University, as an outstanding educational institution, is structured around a firm framework of academic standards, policies, rules and regulations that provide for effective and efficient administration and operation of the education process. Safety rules and regulations are also necessary aspects of the University's structure to those areas identified as shops. These are areas that are devoted to manipulative procedures involving tools, machines and other hazardous equipment or materials for the purposes of maintenance, repair, production, research and/or instruction.

BASIS

The University Safety and Health Committee prepared the shop safety rules and regulations presented in this booklet. The majority of these rules and regulations are based on recommendations of the National Safety Council and are required by the State of Texas.

ENFORCEMENT

Enforcement of these rules is the responsibility of department heads; however, specific responsibilities may be delegated to teachers, shop supervisor, foreman, and instructors.

I. Personal Protection

A. Horseplay or practical jokes of any kind are prohibited.

B. Personnel with physical defects and/or limitations are not to be assigned tasks that will be detrimental to their health and safety or physical condition, or detrimental to the safety and health of others.

C. Approved and appropriated safety goggles or glasses will be worn at all times by all personnel, including visitors or spectators, who are engaged in, or are in the area of known dangers created by:

The use of hot liquids, solids or gases or

2. Caustic or explosive materials, or

3. The milling, sawing, turning, shaping, cutting, grinding, or the stamping of solid materials, or

4. The tempering, heat treatment of kiln firing of metals and other materials, or

5. Gas or electric welding.

D. Applicable hand, foot, or leg protection will be worn at all times by all personnel who are engaged in activities involving:

1. Handling materials with sharp edges such as sheet metal, castings, barstock, etc., or

2. Working with acids, caustics, solvents, or other such products, or

3. Operations where the main hazard is friction, that may cause blisters, or

4. Any type of work involving hazards to the hands, feet and legs.

E. Work clothing worn by personnel will be appropriated to the specific activity of the shop area.

F. Approved and appropriate respirators will be worn where harmful dust, fumes, gases, mists, or vapors are present.

G. Approved and appropriate head protection will be worn by all personnel engaged in shop activities that warrants protection of the head.

H. Approved and appropriate hearing-protection devices will be worn by all personnel engaged in shop activities involving intense and/or harmful sound levels.

I. Personnel involved in material handling requiring lifting lowering procedures will be provided with instructions in performance of such operations.

II. Electrical Safety

A. All motors, fuse boxes, switch boxes, and other electrical equipment must be provided with a ground. (Except as noted in the National Electric Code NFPD-70).

B. All equipment control switches must be easily accessible to the operator.

C. Individual disconnect switches must be provided for each permanent machine.

D. Temporary wiring will be installed only by authorized personnel. Such wiring must be replaced with permanent installations or removed within 90 days. See National Electric Code NFPA-70.

E. Only authorized personnel will repair and/or install electrical equipment.

F. Until properly grounded or locked out; dead electrical circuits shall always be treated as live circuits.

G. All electrical cabinets and enclosures must be kept clear of tools, clothing, rags and other material, i.e., unobstructed at all times.

H. The makeup or use of an extension cords with a male connector at each end is prohibited.

I. The use of extension cords in excess of their rated capacity is prohibited.

J. Extension cords should be kept off the floor where possible, and the use of such wiring shall be held to an absolute minimum. Extension cords will not be run across passageways without protection. Do not run cord under carpeting.

K. When working on electrical circuits, the power shall be "off" the disconnect switch locked in the "off" position with an identified padlock, the key of that will be in the possession of the individual doing the work on the circuit. When the use of a padlock is impossible, the disconnect must be tagged and taped.

L. It is recognized that the testing of voltages, or the checking or calibrating of circuits may require that the equipment be electrically energized. Under these conditions, precautions adequate to overcome the additional hazard must be taken.

M. Before handling, connecting or testing capacitors, it should be recognized that such devices might contain a stored charge. Such equipment should, therefore, be discharged and checked for charge through the use of a suitable insulated short circuit jumper of shorting bar with such devices being sufficiently insulated to exceed the capacitor voltage rating.

N. Electrical tools or equipment will not be used in an area where there are flammable vapors or gases, unless such electrical tools or equipment is Underwriters Laboratories approved as explosion proof.

O. Approved fuse "pullers" must be used to remove cartridge type fuses.

III. Equipment Safety

A. The use of defective tools, machines, or other equipment is prohibited. Report to your supervisor.

B. Point of operation guards must be used for all operations involving machine cutting, drilling, shaping, or forming.

C. Standard color-coding must be used on all hazardous equipment to emphasize danger areas.

D. All gears, belts, and other power transmission devices must be enclosed with permanent guards or barricades.

E. Specific safety rules must be posted at or near each hazardous machine or danger area.

F. Strict supervision must be maintained of all students and employees using hazardous machines and tools.

G. All individuals will be prohibited from operating any machine in a shop until such individuals are "checked out" by authorized supervisors or instructors.

H. Appropriate warning signs will be placed on equipment that is under repair or otherwise inoperative.

I. Approved traffic or aisle lines will be applied to the floor around each hazardous item of equipment.

J. All power machines will be fastened securely to the shop floor, or if bench mounted they will be securely attached to the bench.

K. Operation, adjustment, and repair of any machine tool must be restricted to experienced and trained personnel, or learners under close supervision.

L. The removal of machine guards and safety devices, even for a brief interval, without proper authorization, is strictly prohibited.

M. The lubricating, cleaning, adjusting or repairing of any machine tool while it is running, is prohibited.

N. Chips will be cleaned from a machine with a brush or chip hooks, NOT with a rag, the hand, or compressed air.

O. Distracting or talking to an individual operating power equipment is absolutely prohibited.

IV. Fire and Explosion Safety

A. Approved and appropriate fire extinguishers must be provided in all shop areas.

B. Instruction in the proper use of fire extinguishers and other fire fighting equipment must be provided for all personnel using a shop area.

C. The location of fire fighting equipment must be marked with a large "fire red" square, arrow, bar, or sign high enough to be seen from any position in the shop.

D. Flammable liquids must be stored in approved safety containers, and in limited quantities only.

E. Flammable cleaning liquids will be used ONLY in approved facilities and under strict supervision.

F. Instructions for evacuating the shop in any emergency if conditions dictate, will be posted in a conspicuous place where all personnel can see and read.

G. Cabinets used for the storage of volatile materials will be inspected periodically, with the date of the inspection and the name of the inspector noted in or on the cabinet.

H. The bulk storage of flammable liquids is prohibited within any shop area.

I. Control valves on equipment containing flammable liquids must be identified by color or tag or both.

J. Smoking and the carrying of "strike anywhere" matches, lighter, and spark producing devices will not be permitted in a shop area where flammable liquids are stored, handled or used.

K. NO SMOKING signs will be conspicuously posted in shop areas where smoking is prohibited.

L. Paint spraying operations must be performed in detached rooms or buildings or cut off from other shop operations, and preferably in an approved and appropriate paint spray booth.

M. Accumulations of dust on over head pipes, beams, and machines, particularly from bearings and other heated surfaces, should be removed at regular intervals.

N. Electrical equipment and devices will be installed and maintained in accordance with the National Electrical Code. NFPA-70.

O. Only approved explosion proof equipment will be used for flammable gases, vapors, or dusts that may be ignited.

P. Equipment for the handling and storage of flammable gases must be constructed, inspected, and maintained so that the danger of leakage and explosive mixture formation is reduced to a minimum.

Q. Only persons trained to ignite and control gas fired equipment shall be permitted to operate such equipment.

R. Sheet metal, flameproof canvas, or asbestos curtains must be used around welding operations to prevent sparks from reaching nearby combustible materials.

S. All personnel shall be instructed on what to do in the event of a fire or during any other emergency situation.

V. Housekeeping

A. A standard procedure is to be employed to keep floors free of oil, water, and freight materials.

B. Overhead storage areas for supplies, equipment or similar items must meet safety standards and be properly marked.

C. The daily removal of all sawdust, shavings, metal cuttings, and other waste material must be provided.

D. Marked boxes or bins will be provided for the various kinds of scrap stock.

E. Oily rags will be deposited in closed metal containers specifically provided for them.

F. Good housekeeping is required of all shop personnel.

G. Caustic soda will not be used for cleaning floors.

H. All walkways (aisles) will be kept clear of materials, tools, and equipment.

I. Access to and from stairs will be kept free from slipping and tripping hazards.

J. Floor areas under material and storage racks will be kept free of stored materials as well as debris, re-fuse, scrap, and other foreign matter.

K. Materials in supply bins will be maintained in an orderly manner with no materials projecting over the edges of the bins.

L. Tools and portable equipment will be stored in approved racks, bins, or shelves when not in use.

M. Tools and equipment will be kept reasonably free of oil, grease, dirt, and other accumulations that may render them hazardous to use.

N. Work bench tops will not be used for storage purposes and will be swept clean after work with unneeded materials and tools removed.

O. Walls will be kept free of unsightly accumulations of oil, grease, and other splashed material.

P. Items such as barstock, lumber, pipe, etc., will not be stored by merely leaning up against a wall. A proper storage facility will be provided.

Q. Corners will not be permitted to become "catchalls" for miscellaneous storage. Where practicable, such corners will be brightly painted to discourage their use as disposal areas.

R. Bases of building columns will not be used as storage places. Where practicable, such bases will be brightly painted to discourage their use as disposal areas.

S. Windowsills will be kept free of all storage.

T. Storage of materials or objects of any description under stairs or in stairwells is strictly prohibited.

VI. First-Aid Practices

A. Cuts, bruises, scratches, burns or punctures, no matter how slight, must be treated immediately.

B. If a fracture is suspected, the injured person will not be moved until trained medical personnel arrive. The individual, however, will be dragged or carried to an area of safety in the event of fire or presence of toxic gases or fumes.

C. First aid treatment of an injured person should be attempted by untrained personnel ONLY under extreme emergency situations.

D. Report any illness, headache or nausea to the immediate supervisor.

VII. General Safety

A. Visitors must obtain the necessary approval before entering a shop area.

B. Safety inspections will be made of the shop area at prescribed intervals and a written report prepared.

C. Non-skid floor covering materials will be provided for areas where required.

D. Alternate yellow and black stripes will be applied to protruding parts, low beams, tripping hazards, and loading docks.

E. Compliance with all recognized safe practices is required of all Stephen F. Austin State University employees and students.

F. Signs and signals constitute safety rules and must be obeyed.

G. Unsafe conditions in the area will be reported to the immediate supervisor.

H. Gas cylinders will not be used as rollers or to support work.

I. All ladders will be inspected at regular intervals. Grease or oil will not be permitted to accumulate on the ladder.

J. Use of the top section only of an extension ladder as a ladder is prohibited.

K. The painting of ladders is prohibited.

L. It is the responsibility of the supervisor or his delegated leader to account for each employee in his group before leaving jobs at quitting time, for meals, or for any other reason.

M. All accidents resulting in personal injury will be reported to the University Accident Prevention Coordinator by the injured person's supervisor immediately regardless of nature or severity of the injury.

N. Running in any shop area is strictly prohibited.

O. Personnel will not be permitted to work alone in shops where hazards exist.

P. All exits shall be clearly identified and kept unobstructed at all times.

Q. All unauthorized personnel will be kept away from any machine that is in operation.

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SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-3

LIFE SAFETY

Exits --- Means of Egress

_____________________________________________________________________________

I. This Safety Guide is to outline the general requirements essential to providing a safe means of egress from occupied buildings during fire and like emergencies. Specific details and requirements are contained in the NFPA Life Safety Code No. 101 and in the Occupational Safety and Health Act, CFR 1910.40.

II. The hazards of fire, smoke, panic, entrapment and confusion will be minimized through strict conformance to the Life Safety Regulations.

A. Exit Door:

1. Must not be locked or alarmed by any device requiring a key for egress, or in any way impede or prevent emergency use.

2. Must not be blocked or barred whenever building is in use.

3. Hangings or draperies shall not conceal exit doors.

4. Mirrors shall not be placed on exit doors nor placed in or adjacent to an exit so as to confuse the direction of the exit.

5. Any door in a required means of egress from an assembly area having an occupant load of 100 or more persons may be provided with a latch or lock only if it is panic hardware or fire exit hardware.

6. Each room or space with a capacity of 50 to 300 persons shall have at least two doorways as remote from each other as practical.

7. Doors shall swing out from rooms or spaces subject to occupancy of 50 or more persons.

B. Access to Exits:

1. Shall be maintained free of obstructions to the full extent of the designed and constructed aisle, hall or corridor space.

2. Shall not be through a room subject to locking.

3. All aisles, corridors, and hallways leading to exits must be kept free of debris, storage and other obstructions at all times.

The placement of tables and/or other objects in the hallways of buildings used for educational purposes is a subject of concern that is treated specifically by the Life Safety Code. The practice of placing tables, exhibits, demonstrations and other objects in the hallways is widespread on the Stephen F. Austin State University campus. It is permissible to place such objects in the hallways if the requirements of the Life Safety Code are satisfied. The following sections of the Life Safety Code are given to apprise you of the limitations on the placement of tables and/or other objects in the hallways.

Section 11-2.3.3.1 of the LIFE SAFETY CODE sets the minimum corridor width for buildings used for educational purposes. (All corridors are considered to be exit corridors.) Exit access corridors shall be not less than 6 ft. (182.88 cm) wide in the clear.

Section 11-2.3.3.2: Drinking fountains or other equipment, either fixed or moveable, shall not be so placed as to obstruct minimum 6 ft. (182.88 cm) corridor width.

"In the clear" means a 6-ft. (1.83 m) wide clear space with no furniture or other obstructions the full length of the corridor.

4. Floor surfaces must be kept clean, in good condition and cleared of slipping and tripping hazards.

5. Doors in stair enclosure walls designed to be kept normally closed shall be provided with a reliable self-closing mechanism, shall bear a sign reading "Fire Door Please Keep Closed", and shall not at any time be secured open except as permitted by the following when approved by the Safety Office.

Installation of certain mechanical or electrically operated fire or smoke detection devices that will release the door to fully closed position in case of fire.

C. Exit Signs:

1. Exits and ways to exits shall be marked with approved signs and readily visible.

2. Identify and mark all other doors "Not An Exit" if doubt could exist.

D. Emergency and Exit Lighting:

1. Illumination of halls, aisles and corridors leading to exits shall be provided where artificial lighting is insufficient to provide normal use of building and when building is occupied.

2. Every exit and the necessary ways of exit access thereto shall be illuminated to facilitate egress. Such illumination shall be continuous during the time the building is in use.

3. Exit signs shall be illuminated by a reliable light source giving a value of not less than 5-foot candles on the illuminated surface.

III. Comments:

A. The use of luminescence or fluorescent or other reflective materials should not be used as a substitute for the required illumination of exits and ways to exits.

B. Emergency lighting in places of assembly and portions of other occupancies as specified in the Life Safety Code, should be so arranged that the necessary exit illumination will be maintained in the event of failure of the normal lighting of the building.

C. Where electric battery-operated emergency lights are used, suitable facilities must be provided to keep such batteries properly charged. Dry batteries may be used if a periodic inspection is conducted and a permanent record maintained and available for inspection by the Safety Office.

_____________________________________________________________________________

SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-4

WELDING, CUTTING AND BRAZING

_____________________________________________________________________________

I. The hazards of welding, cutting, and brazing may include fire and explosion, electrical shock, eye injury, burns and noxious fume inhalation. Therefore, safe welding practices must be observed at all times. Specific details and requirements are contained CFR 1910.252 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act.

A. Authorized Personnel - Only fully qualified personnel who are familiar with required safety practices, will be authorized to perform welding operations.

B. Personal Protective Equipment:

1. Eye Protection. Welding helmets shall be used during all arc-welding operations. Welding goggles or other suitable eye protection shall be used during all gas welding or cutting operations and as needed for brazing operations. Eye protection shall be worn when chipping scarf or metal fragments.

2. Protective Clothing. All welders should wear flameproof gauntlet gloves. Flameproof aprons may be desirable for protection against radiated heat and sparks. All clothing should be reasonably free from oil or grease. Safety shoes (steel toe shoes) should be worn whenever there is a possibility of foot injury from heavy or sharp objects being dropped.

3. Welding Booths and Welding Bays.

a. Welding bays: Where arc welding is regularly carried on in a building, the walls of the welding bay should be painted with a finish of low reflectivity.

b. Welding Booths - Arc Welding. The worker should be enclosed in an individual booth painted with a finish of low reflectivity, or shall be enclosed with noncombustible screens similarly painted. Booths and screens shall permit circulation of air at floor level.

c. Adjacent Work Spaces - Arc Welding. Workers or others adjacent to the welding areas shall be protected from the rays by noncombustible screens or shields or shall be required to wear appropriate goggles.

II. Ventilation - General:

A. Mechanical Ventilation shall be provided when welding or cutting is done;

1. In a space of less than 10,000 cubic feet per welder.

2. In a room having a ceiling height of less than 16 feet.

3. In confined spaces or where the welding space contains partitions, or other structural barriers that significantly obstruct ventilation.

4. On materials or under condition likely to cause the release of harmful quantities of toxic airborne contaminants. Such ventilation shall be at the minimum rate of 2,000 cubic feet per minute per welder, except when local exhaust ventilation of supplied air respirators are provided.

B. Local Exhaust Ventilation - may be by means of either:

1. Freely movable hoods intended to be placed by the welder as near as practicable to the work being welded and provided with a rate of air flow sufficient to maintain a velocity in the direction of the hood of 100 linear feet per minute in the zone of the welding when the hood is at its most remote distance from the point of welding. (Note: In-creased rates of ventilation may be required for specific airborne contaminants.)

2. A fixed enclosure with a top and not less than two sides that surround the welding or cutting operations and with a rate flow sufficient to maintain a velocity away from the welder's breathing zone of not less than 100 linear feet per minute.

III. Degreasing Operations - Chlorinated Hydrocarbons:

Degreasing or other cleaning operations involving chlorinated hydrocarbons (Methylene Chloride, Trichlorethylene) shall be so located that no vapors from these operations will reach or be drawn into the atmosphere surrounding any welding operations.

IV. Fire Protection:

A. Prohibited Welding Situations: Cutting or welding shall not be permitted in the following situations:

1. In the presence of flammable or explosive atmospheres.

2. In areas near the storage of quantities of readily ignitable materials.

3. In air handling units and ducts.

4. Outside of a regularly assigned welding area without an authorization.

B. Flame Permit - Precautions Before Welding:

1. Before cutting or welding is permitted outside an assigned welding area, the individual responsible for authorizing cutting and welding operations, generally the supervisor of the Welding Section, shall inspect the area.

2. He shall designate precautions to be followed in granting authorization to proceed, in the form of a written permit. (See Attachment)

3. He shall sign the permit after assuring himself of the following:

a. Combustible floors shall be kept damp, or protected by fire resistant shields. If combustible materials are on the floor (paper; wood shavings; etc.) The floor shall be swept clean for a radius of 35 feet. Where floors have been dampened, personnel operating arc-welding equipment shall be protected from possible shock.

b. If relocation of combustibles to outside the 35-ft. radius is impractical, flame retardant covers shall be provided. Edges of covers should be tight to prevent sparks from entering.

c. Wall or floor openings or cracks within the welding area shall be tightly covered to prevent the passage of sparks or hot metal to adjacent areas.

d. Cutting or welding on pipes or other metal in contact with combustible walls, partitions or other structures shall not be undertaken if the work is close enough to cause ignition by conduction.

e. Containers having held flammable or toxic liquids shall not have any hot work performed on them until they have been cleaned thoroughly. If doubt exists, contact the Safety Office for additional safeguard checks.

f. Portable fire extinguishers appropriate for the type of possible fire, shall be concentrated at the work area. When hose lines are available, they shall be connected and ready for use.

C. Fire Watchers shall be required and provided whenever cutting or welding is performed in locations where other than a minor fire might develop, or where any of the following conditions exist:

1. Overhead welding or cutting is being done.

2. Appreciable amount of combustible material in building construction or contents closer than 35 feet to hot operation.

3. Observe welding cutting area for at least one half hour after completion of operations to detect and extinguish possible smoldering fires.

V. Compressed Gases

A. Storage - Gas cylinders will be stored only in approved spaces where the danger of being damaged or spilled is minimized. Cylinders shall be secured from falling.

1. Oxygen Cylinders - Shall not be stored in same location with cylinders of flammable gases or combustible materials unless separated by a distance of 20 feet or a fire resistant partition at least 5 feet high.

2. Protective caps shall cover control valves of cylinders not in use; in use, they shall be unobstructed and immediately accessible to permit quick shut down in an emergency.

B. Marking: Compressed gas cylinders shall be legibly marked identifying the gas content on the shoulder of the cylinder in accordance with CFR 1910.252 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act.

ATTACHMENT I

P E R M I T

For Electrical and Acetylene Cutting and Welding with Portable Equipment in all Locations Outside of a Designated Welding/ Cutting Area or Shop.

BUILDING_________________________________DEPT._____________RM.___

FLOOR__________________________LOCATION ON FLOOR/ROOM____________

EXPLAIN NATURE OF JOB____________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

WELDERS NAME_____________________________________________________

FIRE GUARDS NAMES________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

All precautions have been taken to avoid any possible fire hazard, and permission is hereby given for the work described above.

______________________________________________

Signature of Foreman/Supervisor

______________________________________________

Signature of Plant Superintendent/Manager or Safety Officer

_____________________________________________________________________________

SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-5

SILVER SOLDER BRAZING

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Silver brazing alloy, frequently called "silver solder," is an extremely valuable industrial material used for joining metals and alloys such as silver, copper, brass, bronze, stainless steel carbon steel and dissimilar combinations where it is necessary to perform the joining of these metals at low temperatures.

Brazing is a safe operation when proper practices are followed. As in all operations, there are certain hazards to be avoided. In brazing the major hazards are heat, chemicals and fumes.

HAZARDS

Since brazing is a process requiring heat, precautions should be taken for handling hot objects to prevent workers from being burned. Proper outer clothing, preferably woolen, and eye protection should be worn. Chemicals such as acids and alkalis sometimes used to clean parts before brazing and can produce chemical burns if allowed to come in contact with the skin. Protective gloves should be used when handling these chemicals. Brazing fluxes are mixtures of chemicals and the caution notice on the package should be followed.

Fumes generated during brazing can be a serious hazard. Brazing fluxes generate fluoride fumes when heated. Cadmium in silver brazing alloys vaporizes when overheated and produces cadmium oxide, fumes are inhaled into the respiratory tract, they can cause pulmonary distress, shortness of breath, and in cases of severe exposure, may cause death.

Do's and Don'ts in Working with Silver Solder

1. Know what materials you are working with. Be sure you are not brazing on cadmium plated parts.

2. Read warning labels on filler metals and fluxes and follow label instructions.

3. Wear eye and face protection and protective clothing as required by the job.

4. Work in well-ventilated areas, or use air-supplied respirators as required by the job.

5. Apply heat to base metal - not directly to the brazing filler metal.

6. Do not overheat either the base metal or the brazing filler metal.

7. Wash hands thoroughly after handling brazing fluxes and filler metals.

HOW TO USE SAFELY

The American Welding Society designations for silver brazing filler metals containing cadmium are: BAg-1, BAg-1a and BAg-2 and BAg-3. These silver-brazing alloys can be safely used, however, if precautions are followed.

1. The BAg-1 and BAg-1a classes of silver brazing filler metal can be successfully and properly used at temperatures below 1400 degrees F, brazing can be carried on safely using these two classes of filler metal. The remaining two classes of silver brazing temperature ranges are 1295 degrees - 1550 degrees F respectively. Brazing can be carried on safely using temperatures below 1400 degrees F with these latter classes of filler metal. Since temperatures in the upper portion of these ranges can be reached, it is important to provide adequate local exhaust ventilation or, where this is not possible, individual air-supplied respirators. Local exhaust or general ventilation systems shall be provided and arranged to keep the amount of toxic fumes, gases or dusts below the maximum allowable concentration as defined by the Acceptable Concentrations of Toxic Dusts and Gases, American Standard Z37. The 1969 ACGIH threshold limit value for cadmium is 0.1 mg per cubic meter of air.

2. It should be noted that the most serious cause of cadmium oxide fume generation occurs when all of these silver brazing filler metals are overheated. Care must be taken to control the temperature of the silver brazing operation. Under no circumstances should a torch flame be applied directly to the silver-brazing alloy. The heat of the base metal should be used to melt and flow the brazing filler metal.

3. Another source of cadmium fumes is from brazing on cadmium plated parts. Since the torch flame is applied directly to the base metal, cadmium plated parts are potentially more hazardous than cadmium-bearing silver brazing alloys. When in doubt about a base metal, check with the supplier of the part. Cadmium plating should be removed before heating for brazing. By following safety procedures, cadmium-bearing silver brazing alloys can be handled without hazard to health.

For Additional Information:

* Hand Soldering and Brazing Data Sheet No. 445; National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Ave. Chicago IL 60611

* Safety in Cutting and Welding, American Welding Society 345 E. 47th Street New York, N.Y. 10017

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SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-6

WALKING AND WORKING SURFACES

_____________________________________________________________________________

The hazards of slipping, tripping and falling will be minimized by maintaining walking and working surfaces in accordance with the following guidelines. Specific details and requirements are contained in the Occupational Safety and Health Act, CFR 1910.21 through 1910.23.

I. Housekeeping:

A. Surfaces of floors in the work place, passageways, storerooms and service rooms shall be kept in good repair, free from holes, splinters and loose boards so that they may be kept clean and orderly.

B. Aisles and passageways shall be kept clear. There shall be no obstruction across or in aisles that could create a hazard. Permanent aisles and passageways shall be appropriately marked. When mechanical handling equipment is used, sufficient safe clearances shall be allowed for aisles at loading docks, through doorways and wherever turns or passage must be made.

C. Sidewalks shall be maintained in good repair, free of defects and impediments that could cause injury from tripping, stumbling or falling.

II. Special Purpose Flooring and Surfaces:

A. Mats, gratings, false floors (duckboards), or other non-slip materials shall be used in refrigerated compartments, wet process areas and other locations where drainage is necessary.

B. Kitchen area floors subject to wet conditions adjacent to mechanical kitchen equipment should be provided with extra non-slip protection such as abrasive material or anti-slip surfacing.

III. Floor Opening and Floor Hole Protection:

A. Floor openings and floor holes such as ladder ways, hatchways, floor chutes, manholes, into that a person can accidentally walk, shall be guarded by either a standard railing with toe board on all exposed sides or a floor hole cover of standard strength hinged in place.

B. When cover is not in place, it shall be attended or protected by a removable standard railing. Temporary floor openings shall be attended or protected by standard railings.

IV. Open Sided Work Surfaces:

A. Open sided floors, platforms, and runways four feet or more above floor or ground level shall be guarded by a standard railing on all open sides with toe board to prevent falls of materials.

B. Special hazards created by open sided floors in close proximity to dangerous equipment, tanks or pits containing dangerous chemicals shall be guarded with a standard railing and toe board, regardless of height.

V. Specifications for Railings:

A. Standard Railings. They shall consist of top rail, intermediate rail and posts, and shall have a vertical height of 42 inches from upper surface of top rail to floor. The intermediate rail shall be half way between the top rail and the floor.

B. Load Strength. The anchoring of posts and framing of members for railings of all types shall be of such construction that the completed structure shall be capable of withstanding a load of at least 200 pounds applied in any direction at any point on the top rail.

C. Stair Railing. A stair railing shall be of construction similar to the standard railing but the vertical height shall not be more than 34 inches or less than 30 inches from the upper surface of top rail to surface of tread in line with face of riser at forward edge of tread.

D. Handrails. Mounting of handrails shall be made directly on a wall or partition using brackets on the lower side of the handrail so as to offer no obstruction to a smooth surface along its top and sides. Handrails shall be of rounded or other section that will furnish an adequate handhold and the ends shall not constitute a projection hazard.

1. Height of handrails shall be not more than 34 inches from the upper surface of handrail to surface of tread, in line with the face of the riser or to the surface of the ramps.

2. Mounting of handrails shall be such that the completed structure is capable of withstanding a load of at least 200 pounds applied in any direction at any point on the rail.

E. Stairway Railing Requirements. Every flight of stairs having four or more risers shall be equipped with standard stair railings or standard handrails. The width of the stair, measured clear of all obstructions except handrails, shall determine railing requirements.

1. Stairways less than 44 inches wide with both sides enclosed require at least one handrail; with one open side, at least one stair railing on the open side; with both sides open, stair railings on each side.

2. Stairways more than 44 inches wide but less than 88 inches wide require one handrail on each enclosed side and one stair railing on each pen side. Stairways more than 88 inches wide shall be equipped similarly with one intermediate stair railing approximately midway of the width.

3. Winding stairs shall be equipped with a handrail offset where the treads are less than 6 inches wide.

VI. Specifications for Toe boards and Other Protection:

A. Standard toe boards shall be four inches in vertical height from its top edge to the level of the floor, platform, runway or ramp securely fastened with no more than 1/4-inch clearance above floor level. It may be made of any substantial material either solid or with openings not over one inch in greatest dimension.

B. Where material is piled to such height that a standard toe board does not provide protection, paneling from floor to the intermediate rail, or to the top rail, shall be provided.

VII. Specifications for Manhole and Floor Opening Covers:

A. Floor opening and manhole covers may be of any material that meets the following strength requirements:

1. Manhole, conduit or trench covers and their supports, when located in plant roadways, shall be designed to carry a rear axle load of at least 20,000 pounds.

2. Covers should be made of solid construction, but where there is no exposure to falling materials, grill or slatted covers with opening not over one inch in width may be used. Covers should be of non-slip surfaces and set flush. They shall not project more than one inch above the floor level and where they do they shall be chamfered. Hinges, handles and bolts or other parts shall be flush with the floor or cover surface.

VIII. Floor and Roof Loading:

A. All floors, other than those resting directly on solid ground, shall be posted to show maximum safe floor loads. Determination of safe floor loading generally is the responsibility of the Physical Plant Director.

B. Water Absorbent Commodity Storage: For water absorbent commodities, normal floor loads should be reduced to take into account the added weight of water that can be absorbed during fire fighting operations.

IX. Load Bearing Surfaces Other Than Floors:

A. Roofs of Ovens. Roofs and other parts of ovens shall be structurally strong enough to support the weight of men who may be required to climb on top of ovens or inside of them.

B. Crane Cab Roof. Areas of cab roof shall be capable of supporting without permanent distortion the weight of a 200-pound man where necessary.

C. Dock boards (Bridge Plates):

1. Portable and powered dock boards (bridge plates) shall be strong enough to carry the load imposed on them. The carrying capacity should be plainly marked.

2. Portable dock boards (bridge plates) shall be secured in position, either by being anchored or equipped with devices that will prevent their slipping.

3. All types of dock boards (bridge plates) should have a high friction surface, designed to prevent employees or trucks from slipping.

4. The sides of all dock boards (bridge plates) should be turned up at right angles, or other means provided, to prevent trucks from running over the edge.

_____________________________________________________________________________

SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-7

LADDERS

_____________________________________________________________________________

In reducing the hazards of falls, the safe utilization of ladders is one of the main factors in a successful safety program. Specific requirements for the many types of ladders are found in the Occupational Safety and Health Act, CFR 1910.26 and 1910.29.

I. Ladders; General:

A. Loading. The minimum design live load shall be a single concentrated load of 200 pounds. The number and position of additional concentrated live load units of 200 pounds each, as determined from anticipated usage of the ladder, shall be considered in the design.

B. Slope or pitch. Portable (rung and cleat) non-self-supporting ladders shall be erected at a pitch of 75-1/2 degrees for maximum balance and strength. A simple rule for setting up a ladder at the proper angle is to place the base a distance from the vertical support equal to 1/4 of the working length (the length along the ladder between the foot and the top support) of the ladder.

C. Stability. Ladders shall be placed so as to prevent slipping, or they shall be lashed, or held in position.

D. Inspection and Tagging. Ladders shall be inspected frequently and those with defects shall be removed from service and tagged or marked "DANGER--DO NOT USE!"

E. Dressing. All wood parts shall be smoothly machined and dressed on all sides so as to be free from sharp edges and splinters.

F. Defective Equipment. The use of ladders with broken or missing rungs, cleats, steps or side rails or other faulty equipment is prohibited.

G. Repairs. Ladders with improvised repairs shall not be used.

H. Access to Landings. Ladder rails shall extend at least 36 inches above landings.

I. Other precautions:

1. Before a new ladder is placed in service, it shall be equipped with rubber shoes and wall grips.

2. When straight or extension ladders are used on hard surfaces, they must be held or firmly lashed.

3. Forbidden Practices:

a. lashing sections together to lengthen

b. over reaching from ladder

c. Used in horizontal position as platform or scaffold

d. Overloading

II. Portable Wood Ladders:

Ladders provided by the employer shall be in accordance with ANSI Standard "Safety Code for Portable Wood Ladders, A14.1" Construction, design and testing requirements are different for each type ladder because of the variety of materials and hardware used; therefore, additional detail specifications for ladders described herein or for other special type ladders not covered, if required, shall be obtained from the reference standard.

III. Portable Metal Ladders:

Ladders provided by the employer shall be in accordance with ANSI Standard "Safety Code for Portable Metal Ladders, A14.2." Construction, design and testing requirements are different for each type ladder because of the variety of materials and hardware used; therefore, additional detailed specifications for ladders described herein or for other special type ladders not covered, if required, shall be obtained from the referenced standard.

A. Stability. The ladder base section must be placed with a secure footing. Safety shoes should be installed on all ladders.

B. Inspection and Marking. Ladders should be completely inspected periodically. Ladders having defects are to be marked and taken out of service until repaired.

C. Defective Equipment. Ladders must be maintained in good usable condition at all times.

D. Electrical Hazards. Special precautions should be taken when metal ladders are used in areas containing electrical circuits.

E. Portable metal ladders shall not be used for electrical work or where they may contact electrical conductors.

IV. Fixed Ladders:

This section is intended to cover general requirements for fixed ladders of the individual rung and rail type construction. Because of the different design and specification requirements, more detailed information, if needed, should be obtained from ANSI Standard, "Safety Code for Fixed Ladders", A14.3.

A. Pitch or Slope Angle. The preferred pitch of fixed ladders shall be considered to come in the range of 75 degrees and 90 degrees with the horizontal. Ladders having a pitch in excess of 90 degrees with the horizontal shall not be permitted.

B. Construction of Fixed Ladders:

1. Ladders shall be designed to support a live load of at least 200 pounds.

2. Rungs, cleats, and steps shall be free of splinters, sharp edges, burrs, or projections.

3. Side rails that might be used as a climbing aid shall be of such cross section as to afford adequate gripping surface without sharp edges, splinters, or burrs.

4. Combination of Metals. When different types of materials are used in the construction of a ladder, the materials used shall be so treated as to have no deleterious effect, one upon the other.

5. Electrolytic Action. Adequate means shall be taken to protect dissimilar metals from electrolytic action when such metals are joined.

C. Maintenance and Preservation:

1. Maintenance. Ladders shall be maintained in safe condition. Ladders shall be inspected regularly, with the intervals between inspection being determined by use and exposure.

2. Deterioration of Metal. Metal ladders and appurtenances shall be painted or otherwise treated to resist corrosion and rusting when location demands

3. Deterioration of Wood. Wood ladders, when used under conditions where decaying occurs, shall be treated with non-irritating preservative, and the details shall be such as to prevent or minimize the accumulation of water on wood parts.

D. Landing Platforms and Access to Fixed Ladders:

1. Platforms. When ladders are used to ascent to heights exceeding 20 feet, landing platforms shall be provided for each 30 feet of height or fraction therefore, except that, where no cage, well, or ladder safety device is provided, landing platforms shall be provided for each 20 feet of height or fraction thereof.

2. Platform Construction. Landing platforms shall be equipped with standard railings and toe boards so arranged to give safe access to the ladder. Platforms shall not be less than 24 inches in width and 30 inches in length.

3. Access. The step-across distance from the nearest edge of the ladder to the nearest edge of equipment or structure shall not be more than 12 inches, or less than 2 1/5 inches.

E. Clearance. The distance from the center line of rungs, cleats, or steps to the nearest permanent object in back of the ladder shall not be less than 7 inches, except when unavoidable obstructions are encountered.

F. Guards, Cage, Basket and Ladder Wells. Guards shall be provided on ladders of more than 20 feet to a maximum unbroken length of 30 feet. Construction and installation specifications for cage or basket guards and ladder wells vary because of the nature of access and its location. Specific details relating to dimensions, maximum lengths and special application guards shall be obtained from ANSI A14.3.

G. Ladder Safety Devices. Ladder safety devices may be used on tower, water tanks and chimney ladders over 20 feet in unbroken length in lieu of cage protection. No landing platform shall be required in these cases. All ladder safety devices such as those that incorporate life belts, friction brakes and sliding attachments shall meet the design requirements of the ladders that they serve.

V. Ladders (Window Cleaner's Type):

A. When working on a ladder of this type over 18 feet long, a person shall stand at the foot of it, face it and hold it with both hands.

B. Ladders shall be provided with means, suitable to the bearing surface, to prevent slipping or tipping.

C. Ladder shall be inspected once a month by the person who owns it.

D. The use of ladders with hooks attached, to be hung on or over a parapet wall or other projection is prohibited.

VI. Wood Trestle and Extension Trestle Ladders:

The use of trestle ladders or extension sections or base sections of extension trestle ladders longer than 20 feet is prohibited. The total height of base and extension may, however, be more than 20 feet.

VI. Boatswain's Chair:

A. The chair shall be suspended from its 4 corners by means of rope slings. It shall have a seat not less than 24 inches long by 10 inches wide and 2 inches thick (1 5/8 inches long if oak or ash). It shall be reinforced across the full width by cleats, securely fastened to each end. A rope or strap guard across the front and rear and 18 inches above the seat or an approved safety belt attached to the lower tackle hook or other fixed support shall be provided.

B. If a block and tackle is used for support of the boatswain's chair, a person shall be stationed beneath at all times to operate the tackle.

C. Boatswain's chairs, their support, and all accessories shall have a safety factor of at least 4, based on yield points.

D. Tackle shall consist of rope at least equivalent in strength at 5/8 inch rope of first grade manila and proper sized blocks. Rope attachment to a block shall be by thimble and splice. Hooks shall be provided with means to prevent accidental disengagement.

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SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-8

SAFE LADDER PRACTICES

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Here are some cardinal safe practices for curtailing ladder accidents:

I. Choose the right ladder for the job; the right type and height; one that precludes your climbing above the third rung from the top of an extension or straight ladder or the second tread from the top of a stepladder. Check to make sure that a ladder is in good shape before you use it for any job...no faulty or missing parts; no defect whatsoever.

II. Don't use a metal ladder for work on electrical equipment or wherever you or the ladder might contact it. When positioning a ladder for work, be certain that its footing is secure on a level, firm, and non-skid surface. In case of doubt, block, lash, and/or stabilize the base and get assistant to hold it. If stability cannot be assured, do not attempt to use the ladder.

III. Protect the footing from disturbance when conditions dictate (barricade the base against traffic, lock or block adjacent doors, station an assistant to ward off contacts, etc.) Place the top of the extension or straight ladder about one-fourth of its length away from the wall or other structure it will lean against.

IV. Place the top of the extension or straight ladder so that both rails lean squarely against a solid stationary structure; never a weak partition, piled boxes, or other objects that can shift or collapse. The rails should extend about 3 1/2 feet above any top landing. Always face the ladder and hold on with both hands when going up or down. While working, keep your hips between the rails, stay in close to the rungs, and limit your reach to a comfortable arm's length.

V. Don't carry tools or materials by hand while climbing up or down. Place needed items on the shelf (not top) of a step ladder before you ascend, or raise and lower them in a container by means of a hand line...or transport them in a protectively rugged and covered pouch supported by a belt or otherwise suspended so as to leave your hands free.

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SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-9

CUSTODIAL SAFETY

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I. PURPOSE: Accidents take a large annual toll in human misery, business expense, and social losses. Safety Professionals point out that over half of the accidents are either related directly or indirectly to poor housekeeping practices. It is therefore the intent of the University Safety Office to work with the Custodial Departments to improve general safety practices and conditions by:

A. Providing safety training or education.

B. Maintaining accurate safety related records.

C. Establishing and enforcing safety standards.

II. SCOPE: It is the intent of this Safety Guide to establish a positive approach to custodial safety by issuing a formal statement of Safety Standards to include:

A. Management responsibility.

B. Employee responsibility.

C. General safety regulations.

D. Materials safety:

1. Management and supervisory steps.

2. Employee steps.

F. Equipment safety.

G. Floor Safety:

1. Management and supervisory steps.

2. Employee Steps.

F. Fire Protection. Accident prevention consists of performing every operation, whether large or small, the correct way. It puts into practice the smart and common sense methods of getting the job done.

III. MANAGEMENT BASIC RESPONSIBILITY:

A. To provide equipment that has been properly investigated for safety, and equipped with necessary guards, shields, and other safety devices.

B. To arrange all processes and operations in a safe fashion.

C. To train and motivate supervisors and employees in safe operating practices.

D. To provide for regular safety inspections and condition reports.

E. To investigate all accidents in order to help prevent recurrence.

IV. EMPLOYEE BASIC RESPONSIBILITY:

A. To use safety equipment provided.

B. TO BE AWARE OF AND FOLLOW safety rules and regulations.

C. To be on the lookout for hazardous conditions and report them to your supervisor.

D. To caution fellow workers about unsafe conditions or practices.

V. GENERAL SAFETY REGULATIONS:

A. In wet weather, rubber mats or runners should be placed near entrance areas. This will help eliminate dangerous falls and also help prevent the tracking of mud and water onto clean floors.

B. Report poor vision areas. Burned out light bulbs in critical areas such as stair landings, near doors, at aisle intersections, etc. can cause accidents.

C. Watch out for vehicles.

D. Smoke in designated areas only.

E. Be sure to report any accident (EVEN A SMALL ACCIDENT SUCH AS A CUT FINGER).

F. Be sure you know the proper way to lift heavy objects. Keep your knees bent and your back straight. Get help when necessary.

G. HORSEPLAY CAN RESULT IN A SERIOUS INJURY.

H. Report safety hazards and any recommendations for improvement to your supervisor.

I. Be sure to pay attention to all safety signs and notices. They are for your protection.

J. On stairs, watch your step and use the handrail.

K. When emptying waste receptacles, dump the contents out rather than reaching in.

L. Disconnect fans and other electrical equipment before cleaning them. Pull on the plug NOT THE WIRE.

M. Don't take chances with safety. In any uncertain situation check with your supervisor.

VI. MATERIALS SAFETY:

A. Management and Supervisory Steps:

1. Poisonous materials shall be marked and controlled. Only designated personnel should use poisonous materials.

2. Materials in plastic containers should be bought wherever possible to avoid the hazards of broken glass.

3. Only specially designated, trained, and equipped personnel should do the use of acids.

4. Conditions should be provided to permit safe storage. It should not be necessary to lift heavy loads.

5. Wherever possible, caustic or acidic products should be replaced by neutral or milder products.

B. Employee Steps:

1. Pour and use solvents in well-ventilated areas. Replace the cap on all solvent containers after each use.

2. If any liquid gets in your eyes, even just dirty water, flood the eyes with plenty of water, IMMEDIATELY.

3. Keep any safety equipment that you have been provided in good condition and wear it whenever necessary.

4. Flammable liquids shall be stored in designated areas.

5. Here strong chemicals are used, the skin should be covered to protect against chemical irritation.

6. Do not put hands around the face or mouth after handling chemicals. Wash and dry hands carefully after handling chemicals.

7. If it is necessary to dilute an acid, be sure to POUR THE ACID INTO THE WATER. This will help prevent the acid from splashing onto you.

VII. EQUIPMENT SAFETY: These regulations pertain to the use of housekeeping equipment and the general use and cleaning of other types of equipment.

A. Watch how you carry your equipment, mops, brooms etc. so that no one is injured by handles sticking out etc.

B. In areas with low ceilings, take special care to avoid hitting sprinkler heads with mop handles etc. to avoid severe water damage.

C. When cleaning stairs, place buckets and equipment so as not to cause someone to fall.

D. Maintenance areas should be kept neat and in good order.

E. Keep equipment in good working order.

F. Be sure the wiring on electrical equipment is in good repair and power cords are not frayed, cut or knotted. Damaged power cords can cause a fatal shock.

G. Ladders should be kept in good repair and properly used.

H. Be sure that switches on electrical equipment are in the off position BEFORE plugging in the appliance.

I. Greasy or oily cloths and dust mops shall be kept in APPROVED METAL CONTAINERS.

J. Floor machine handles should be in the lowered position before starting them.

K. Floor machine brushes and attachment plates should be manually secured to the machine before the motor is turned on.

L. Keep equipment out of aisles and traffic lanes to prevent a tripping hazard.

M. "Pay out" only the length of electrical wiring needed.

N. Loose clothing should never be worn around moving parts of machinery.

O. Use the right tools for the job.

VIII. FLOOR SAFETY: Most rules concerning floor safety are directed to preventing falls that are normally considered the most serious type of accident exposure.

A. Management and Supervisory Steps:

1. Floors and stairways should be designed to have an anti-slip surface insofar as possible.

2. Existing slippery surfaces should be corrected.

3. Worn floors should be repaired quickly. This includes loose or curled tiles, holes, cracks, etc.

4. Carpets should be kept in good repair. A non-slip pad should be used under small rugs.

5. Personnel causing a spillage should be responsible for either cleaning it or obtaining help for a serious problem.

6. Arrangements for ice removal should be carefully setup and checked on.

7. Floor finishes, waxes, and coatings should be purchased that have adequate slips-resistant qualities.

B. Employee Steps:

1. "Wet Floor" caution signs should be used whenever floors are being wet, cleaned, waxed, sealed or stripped. Signs should be placed so that they will be visible from all ways of approach.

2. Rain, snow or other liquids should be mopped up immediately to dry the floor.

3. Floors should be dry and cleaned regularly to remove slipping hazards.

4. Natural soaps should be avoided in floor cleaning as the remaining film may become slippery.

5. When working on a wet floor, walk carefully and take shorter steps than usual.

6. Mats and runners should lay flat. Wrinkles or turned-up corners cause tripping accidents.

7. Defective flooring, loose handrails, bad stair treads, etc. should be reported to your supervisor.

IX. FIRE SAFETY: Fires can be considered as a special class of accident. An examination of fire reports indicates that improper handling of combustible materials and ignition sources causes a large number of fires.

A. Storage of any USELESS materials, from rags, rubbish, waste paper, and wood to obsolete flammable materials should be discouraged.

B. Proper and regular disposal of waste products is essential for good fire prevention.

C. Many cleaning compounds, polishes, etc. contains flammable solvents. Such materials should be handled carefully.

D. Smoking SHALL NOT be permitted when handling materials containing flammable solvents.

E. Before any product is used the properties of the product should be identified so that proper precautions may be taken in handling.

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SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-10

COLOR CODE FOR MARKING PHYSICAL HAZARDS

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Colors shall be used to designate physical hazards. Machines or areas not considered hazardous have no specific color-coding.

I. RED shall be used to designate:

A. Fire protection equipment.

B. Fire exit signs.

C. Safety containers (excluding shipping containers) with some additional clearly visible identification either in the form of a yellow band around the can or the name of the contents conspicuously stenciled or painted on the can in yellow.

D. Emergency stop bars on hazardous machines.

E. Electrical switches (not boxes) used for emergency stopping of machines.

II. ORANGE shall be used to designate:

A. Dangerous parts of machines.

B. Energized equipment that may cut, crush, shock, or otherwise injure.

III. YELLOW shall be used to designate:

A. Caution.

Physical hazards such as:

Striking against.

Stumbling.

Falling

Tripping.

5. Caught in between.

C. Solid yellow, yellow and black strips, yellow and black checkers, or yellow with a suitable contrasting background should be used interchangeably, using the combination that will attract the most attention in the particular environment.

IV. GREEN shall be used to designate:

A. The basic color of safety.

B. First aid equipment.

V. BLUE shall be used to designate:

A. The basic color of caution.

B. Warning against the starting, the use of, or the movement of equipment under repair or being worked on.

VI. PURPLE shall be used to designate: Radiation hazards.

VII. BLACK and WHITE shall be used to designate:

A. The basic colors for the designation of traffic and house keeping markings.

B. Solid white, solid black, single color striping, alternate stripes of black and white, or black and white checkers should be used in accordance with local conditions.

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SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-11

BASIC FIRST AID

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I. GENERAL PRACTICES

A. Know the location of any first aid equipment in your work area.

B. Depleted items in first aid cabinets should be replenished immediately.

C. Foreign bodies in the eyes shall be removed by medical personnel.

D. All injuries, no matter how slight, must be reported to your supervisor and treated immediately.

E. If an injured person has a known fracture, or if a fracture is suspected, DO NOT move the person until medical personnel arrive. EXCEPTION: If the injured person is in danger of sustaining further injury from fire or toxic gases, movement is justified.

F. First aid treatment of an injured person should not be attempted by untrained personnel unless there is no alternative.

II. CARE OF AN INJURED PERSON

A. Call for medical help and give the location of the injured person.

B. If the injured can't be moved, send someone to direct medical personnel to the scene.

C. Check for breathing, bleeding, and broken bones.

D. Make the injured person as comfortable as possible and cover to help maintain body temperature.

E. If the injured person is unconscious, remove false teeth, tobacco, gum, etc. from mouth to prevent choking.

F. Loosen clothes of the injured person.

G. Look for signs of shock.

1. Face drained of color.

2. Skin cold and clammy.

3. Rapid, weak pulse.

4. Fainting.

H. Keep onlookers back to allow plenty of air.

III. TREATMENT OF INJURIES

A. OPEN WOUND BLEEDING

1. Put a clean dressing on the wound and apply direct pressure over the wound. DO NOT remove old dressings if more are added. Place new dressing on top of old dressing.

2. If bleeding persists, and there is no evidence of a fracture, a severely bleeding open wound of the head, neck, arm, or leg should be raised above the level of the heart. This action helps reduce the blood pressure in the injured area.

3. Maintain direct pressure over the wound. (figs. 1 & 2)

4. If direct pressure and elevation does not stop severe bleeding from an open wound of the arm or leg, the pressure point technique may be required. This technique involves applying pressure at a specific point on the arm or leg. There is ONE recommended pressure point on each arm and leg. (figs. 3, 4, & 5)

5. This technique should not be used unless the bleeding can't be stopped by the direct pressure method.

6. DO NOT use a pressure point in conjunction with direct pressure and elevation ANY LONGER THAN IS NECESSARY to stop the bleeding.

B. SHOCK (INJURY RELATED)

1. DEFINITION: A condition resulting from a depressed state of many body functions. The vital functions are depressed when there is loss of blood volume, a reduced rate of blood flow, or an insufficient supply of oxygen.

2. CAUSES: Shock is caused by severe injuries of all types.

3. SYMPTOMS: EARLY STAGES -Pale (or bluish) skin, cold to the touch and possibly moist and clammy.

a. Weakness

b. Rapid pulse (usually over 100) often too faint to be felt at the wrist. It can usually be felt in the carotid artery at the side of the neck.(fig 6)

c. Increased rate of breathing, possibly shallow, possibly deep and irregular.

4. LATE STAGES -Apathetic and relatively unresponsive because brain is not receiving enough oxygen.

a. Eyes will be sunken with a vacant expression.

b. Pupils may be widely dilated. (fig. 7)

IV. FIRST AID:

A. Objectives:

1. Improve blood circulation.

2. Ensure an adequate supply of oxygen.

3. Maintain normal body temperature.

B. Procedure:

1. Keep the victim lying down; cover him only enough to prevent loss of body heat; get medical help. The victim's body position must be based on his injuries. Generally, the most satisfactory position for the injured will be lying down, to improve blood flow.

2. If injuries of the neck or spine are suspected, DO NOT move the victim unless it is necessary to protect him from further injury.

3. A victim who has severe wounds of the lower part of the face and jaw or who is unconscious should be placed on his side to allow drainage of fluids and to avoid blockage of the airway by vomit and blood. (fig. 8) Extreme care must be taken to provide an open airway to prevent asphyxiation.

4. Place a victim who is having difficulty in breathing on his back. with his head and shoulders raised. (fig. 9)

5. A person with a head injury may be kept flat or propped up, but his head must not be lower than the rest of his body. A victim with severe brain injury may be unconscious, but unconsciousness is not in itself a cause of shock unless he also has associated fractures or major wounds.

6. A victim may improve with his feet (or the foot of the stretcher) raised from 8 to 12 inches. (fig. 10) This position helps to improve blood flow from the lower extremities.

7. Keep the victim warm enough to overcome or avoid chilling. If he is exposed to cold or dampness, place blankets or additional clothing over and under him to prevent chilling (fig. 11).

8. Do not add extra heat, because raising the surface temperature of the body is harmful.

9. Do not administer fluids to the victim unless trained medical help will not reach the scene for an hour or more.

C. HEAT EMERGENCIES

1. DEFINITIONS:

a. HEAT STROKE: a response to heat characterized by extremely high body temperature and disturbance of the sweating mechanism

b. HEAT CRAMPS: muscular pains and spasms due largely to loss of salt from the body in sweating or too inadequate intake of salt. The cramps are more severe if the victim has drunk a large quantity of tap water or soft drinks without replacing the salt deficiency, in that case severe mental confusion and even convulsions may develop. Heat cramps may be associated with heat exhaustion.

c. HEAT EXHAUSTION: a response to heat characterized by fatigue, weakness and collapse due to inadequate intake of water to compensate for loss of fluids through sweating.

2. CAUSES: Heat reactions are brought about by both internal and external factors. The temperature of the environment to determines the extent of overheating:

a. The temperature of the body

b. The amount of air circulating around the body

c. The amount of moisture in the environment (the humidity)

d. The kind and amount of clothing worn

3. HEAT STROKE

a. Symptoms: The body temperature may be 106 degrees F. or more. The victim's skin is characteristically hot, red and dry. The pulse is rapid and strong, and the victim may be unconscious.

b. First Aid: Undress the victim and, using a small bath towel to maintain modesty, repeatedly sponge his bare skin with cool water or rubbing alcohol; or apply cold packs continuously; or place him in a tub of cold water (do not add ice) until his body temperature is sufficiently lowered, and then dry him off. Use fans or air conditioners, if available. Drafts promote cooling. If victim's temperature starts to rise again, start the cooling again. Do not give the victim stimulants.

4. HEAT CRAMPS

a. SYMPTOMS: Often an early sign of approaching heat exhaustion, if there is a deficiency in both water and salt, the muscles of the victim's legs and abdomen are likely to be affected first.

b. FIRST AID: Give the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon of salt per glass), half a glass every 15 minutes, over a period of one hour.

c. Exert pressure with your hands on the cramped muscles, or gently massage them, to help relieve spasm.

5. HEAT EXHAUSTION

SYMPTOMS: The body temperature is normal, or nearly normal. The skin becomes white or pale and cool and clammy. The victim may faint, but will probably regain consciousness as his head is lowered and the blood supply to his brain is improved. The victim complains of great weakness, nausea and dizziness, and perhaps cramps.

FIRST AID: Give the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon of salt per glass), half a glass every 15 minutes, over a period of about 1 hour. Have the victim lie down; raise his feet from 8 to 12 inches. Loosen his clothing. Apply cool, wet cloths and fan the victim; or move him to an air-conditioned room. If the victim vomits, do not give him any more fluids. Take him as soon as possible to a hospital. After an attack of heat exhaustion, the victim should be advised not to return to work for several days and should be protected from exposure to abnormally warm temperatures.

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SAFETY GUIDES

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-12

COLD WATER TREATMENT OF CHEMICAL AND THERMAL BURNS

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Contrary to popular belief, when a burn occurs, not all of the damage is done at once; the pathological process continues for at least three days. The immediate application of cold water can slow down and sometimes stop, or even reverse this pathological chain of events. The hypothermia produces a constriction of the blood vessels and slows down cellular metabolism.

I. Speed is the most important factor in the effectiveness of burn treatment. The sooner the burn is cooled down, the less the damage that will result. Quickly get the burn under a cold water tap, or spray the affected area with a cold water hose. Use a drinking fountain if necessary or other means to cool the burned area as soon as possible. In the case of chemical burns, this not only slows down the penetration of the chemical into the tissue, but also starts diluting the chemical, washing it off.

II. Treatment of chemical burns requires an additional step that cannot be stressed too strongly: THOROUGH CLEANSING WITH SOAP AND WATER. The involved areas should be scrubbed as vigorously as possible with soap and a rough cloth and flushed with running water. Hands, fingers, and fingernails should be scrubbed with a brush. The effectiveness of mechanically removing as much chemical as possible from the skin has been demonstrated repeatedly by the development of small, deep burns in places that are easily missed when washing, such as under the earlobe, in the crease at the side of the nose, or even in a deep cleft in the chin, while there are no other burns in the area after treatment.

III. Volatile chemicals relatively insoluble in water, such as solvents and benzene compounds, should be alternately scrubbed off with soap and water and then aired in front of a fan until all odor and any reddened areas completely disappear. Proper treatment of this type of chemical exposure can mean the difference between no irritation at all and deep, slow-healing burn. Covering the area with ointment, bandages, or even clothing before all traces of the chemical have been scrubbed and fanned off of the skin shuts out the air and traps the chemical on the skin. Most clothing contaminated with this type of chemical must be discarded. There is no way to clean contaminated leather shoes. Contaminated clothing requires repeated washing and airing until all odor disappears. If any other clothing is washed with the contaminated articles, it, too, may become contaminated.

IV. Another important factor in the success of the cold water treatment for both thermal and chemical burns is continuation of the treatment for an adequate length of time, that may vary from 30 minutes to three days or longer, depending upon the severity of the burn. The initial appearance of even severe burns can be very deceiving. They do not look as bad as they really are until the third or fourth day and what they look like then depends on the speed and thoroughness of the treatment they received. If they were cooled down fast and hypothermia was steadily maintained, there is almost no pain or swelling and very little change in appearance.

V. In general, for thermal burns, if pain recurs when the injured area is allowed to return to normal body temperature, further cold water treatment is necessary. Also even though there is very little pain, so long as the burned area feels warmer to the touch than the surrounding skin, the treatment should be continued.

VI. Phosphorus burns, usually thought of as chemical burns, are actually thermal burns. Phosphorus reacts readily with the oxygen in air to give off 5,730 calories of heat per gram of elemental phosphorus. Phosphorus burns should be treated the same as any other severe thermal burn, but with additional treatment to remove any acid formed and all traces of phosphorus. This can be done by repeated single swabs with gauze soaked in ordinary two or three percent hydrogen peroxide solution. Immersion in cold water between swabs not only aids the already burned tissues, but also prevents any phosphorus still remaining from again igniting and burning.

VII. Acid burns, up to and including burns from hydrofluoric acid, respond well to cold water treatment. Past treatments of HG acid burns, such as paraffin or calcium gluconate injections, were almost worse than the burn itself. The cold water treatment for HG burns is essentially the same as for other acid burns. The difference is to get to water faster, scrub with soap and water twice as thoroughly, and soak the exposed area longer. It is recommended that after the initial cleaning, an iced aqueous or iced 13 percent alcoholic solution of 1:750 Zephiran Chloride be used for 30 minutes. Cold water soaks or compresses should then be continued until all pain and heat have subsided. If the fingers are involved, thick, gray blisters may form that must be debrided by a physician.

VIII. Caustic burns respond most dramatically. The initial appearance of a caustic burn is usually only a blotchy, reddened area with a few small, eroded spots scattered through it. If the area is rapidly flushed with water, thoroughly cleansed with soap, and continually treated with cold water until all reddened areas have returned to their normal color, only the few small scattered spots will remain and they will heal rapidly. The pathological process that started to take place is actually reversed. Without proper treatment, all those reddened areas will develop into deep, slow healing, often disfiguring burns.

IX. The majority of burns that people get both at home and at work involve a relatively small percentage of the surface of the body, but even a two inch diameter burn on a foot or ankle can disable a person if it is painful, if the foot or ankle becomes swollen, or if the person is unable to wear a shoe. Fast, proper treatment of burns can prevent a great many relatively small burns from becoming disabling injuries. In the case of an extensive burn, where the patient must be taken to a hospital, nothing will give more comfort, prevent further contamination, and interfere less with subsequent treatment, than the application of the cleanest, cold moist cloth available.

X. Everyone should be instructed in the proper first aid for burns. Cold water is available almost everywhere. The treatment is so simple and so effective - but the essential element is SPEED.

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SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-13

ELECTRICAL SHOCK

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I. PURPOSE

The purpose of this guide is to provide a brief resume of health conditions involving electric shock, precautions to be observed, and rescue instruction and guides to emergency aid to victims of electric shock. The effects of electric current on the body, and emergency aid methods against electric injuries, are presented for ready reference.

II. INTRODUCTION

Electric shock can hit any one of thousands at work anywhere. Lighting strikes even twice! Electricity is in universal use in all areas of human endeavor. It is one of man's best and most powerful servants. It is at all times literally at his elbows and fingers. This universal use, coupled with undue familiarity on the most part of many users, has produced a large toll of accidents that, for the most part, could have been prevented.

III. TECHNICAL CONDITIONS INVOLVING ELECTRICAL INJURIES AND SHOCK

A. Electrical equipment should be made safe for all. For any given voltage, the seriousness of electric injury suffered depends upon the amount of current flow (amperes), and the course it takes through the body, and the length of time the victim is in the circuit. The amount of current flow (amperes) depends upon the voltage of the circuit and the resistance. Resistance of the human body depends largely upon the amount of moisture on the skin, clothing and shoes.

B. The amperage or amount of current to that one is subjected is not important. The combination of voltage and amperage together produce the hazards involved. One-tenth of an ampere or less may kill in some situations. The flow of electricity in a circuit is governed by Ohm's law, that states that one volt will cause a current of one ampere to flow through a circuit having a resistance of one ohm. This is written: VOLTS = AMPERES X OHMS

C. To find out how much current or amperage will flow through a circuit when the voltage and resistance are known, the formula is written: AMPERES = VOLTS / OHMS

D. For instance, a man comes in contact with a bare electrode, his hands are sweaty and moist, his feet are damp, and he is standing on a steel floor or on wet ground. The resistance of his body in this case may be only a few hundred ohms; but assume it is 1,000 ohms. A current, or amperage, passing through his body from an ordinary lighting circuit of 110 volts would be: CURRENT = 110/1,000, that is a little over 1/10th of an ampere. This amount of current is usually enough to kill. Dry, wooden floors have high resistance. Also, good shoe soles that are dry have considerable resistance: even the skin, if it is clean and dry, has fairly high resistance. In fact, under everyday conditions, in most plants and homes, the resistance of the floor, shoe sole, and the skin is high enough so that contact with the usual 110 or 220 volt circuit will only give a slight shock. This may account for the general indifference to the dangers of low voltage.

E. Everyone should think of electricity as a live force immediately ready to find a path to the earth or to the other side of the circuit. Normally, it is prevented from taking these paths only by resistance and insulation of some kind. Bare wires use the high insulating valve of air. It must be realized that whenever the voltage is high enough or the insulation value low, electricity will escape. A person should never get in any position where his body may furnish a low resistance path by that electricity can escape to the earth or the other side of the circuit.

F. It is apparent that if a floor is damp, clothing moist, the resistance to the path through the body is likely to be of such low resistance that a fatal shock may be received from a circuit of 50 volts or less. There are well authenticated instances of deaths from circuits of not over 50 volts. Electric shocks of any intensity instantly produce involuntary muscle contraction. This is of vital importance in close quarters, such as in a tank or in overhead work. This muscular contraction of the hand and fingers has been produced experimentally by currents of only 1/100 of an ampere. Certainly, then, any voltage above 25 volts must be considered hazardous under conditions favorable to low resistance contact.

IV. ELECTRICAL INJURIES AND TREATMENT

Electrical injuries come under the following heads. A patient may suffer from one or more of these categories.

A. Electric Shock: An electric shock may be fatal. It may cause a burn or unconsciousness, or produce merely a disagreeable sensation. The result will depend upon the amount and the path of current that passes through the body. This, in turn, depends upon the voltage of the system that is contacted, the resistance of the patient, and to a certain degree, the frequency of the current. As a general rule, the lower the resistance of a person, the greater the internal injuries. The higher the resistance, the greater the surface burns. This is, of course, conditioned by other factors. A current crossing the chest is particularly dangerous as it may cause ventricular fibrillation. Such a current passes from one hand to another, or from hand to foot. A contact lasting more than one second, with current crossing the chest; is exceptionally dangerous as it may affect the heart's partially refractory period - the end of the systole. Experiments have shown that this is the phase in that the ventricle may be thrown into fibrillation. Subject to various factors of resistance, fibrillations usually occur with a current impressed by a voltage between 200 volts and 1,500 volts. Higher voltages as a general rule do not cause fibrillation unless a fraction of the current crosses the heart. Apart from electrical injuries a patient may also have other injuries, such as a fracture caused by falls, clothing burns, contusions, or traumatic shock.

B. Treatment of Electric Shock:

1. When a person touches a conductor at a voltage of 120 volts (the common voltage of the home and factory) he may be rendered unconscious. As soon as the contact has been broken, artificial respiration should be started. All electrical employees should be trained in this form of emergency medical care and instructed to persist until respiration returns or until there is evidence of death, such as rigor mortis or postmortem staining. It is claimed that there have been cases of persons being revived after nine hours of artificial respiration. Many patients recover after a few minutes; 60 percent recover after half an hour, and a further 15 percent within an hour. If it is found necessary to remove the patient by means of a vehicle, artificial respiration must be maintained until the patient has been taken over by the medical staff. When the patient's respiration is restored, he must be watched very carefully as breathing may stop again. In such event, artificial respiration must be started again.

2. The cause of unconsciousness in electrical injuries is at present a theoretical problem. Most authorities hold that it is due to ventricular fibrillation; others believe that it is due to temporary paralysis of the breathing center in the medulla. Whatever the cause, if the higher centers are deprived of oxygen for longer than five (5) to seven (7) minutes, irreversible changes take place and the patient dies. Without an electrocardiogram it is not possible to diagnose ventricular fibrillation and examination with a stethoscope is not advisable if it interferes with artificial respiration, even for one minute.

C. Electric Burns: When electricity meets resistance, much of the current may be converted into heat; the resulting injuries will depend on the voltage, the resistance, and the duration of contact.

D. Low Tension Burns: In low tension accidents (less than 1,000 volts) the injury is proportionately less than in high tension accidents. If a child grasps the element of an electric heater - common accident - he suffers a heat burn. This may be a full thickness skin burn, but the necrosis does not exceed the burned area. If, however, he puts his finger into a live socket, he may get an electric-contact burn. This will show multiple areas of full thickness necrosis, not painfully surrounded by areas of erythema. As the current penetrates the skin, it may travel beyond the burned area in the blood stream or in the perivascular spaces, causing degeneration in the medial and intima of the vessels with consequent thrombosis, possible gangrene, and secondary internal bleeding. The finger may appear viable after the accident, but in a few days it may be-come bruised and finally the tissues die due to lack of oxygen.

E. High Tension Burns: Currents over 1,000 volts are high tension currents and cause high tension burns. These occur, as a rule, in power or transformer stations, around high tension switchgear, and occasionally on transmission lines. They may also be caused by lighting that has high tension voltages of over one million volts.

F. Arc Burns: If a person approaches too near a tension conductor, a flash or arc occurs. The heat generated may be as high as 3000 degrees F. The current jumping the gap overcomes the skin resistance and travels through the limb, usually the arm. It can produce such necrosis that it destroys its own path, or it may leave the limb at the elbow or the shoulder. Sudden muscular contraction usually throws the patient away from the high tension conductor. The current travels in the body along the line of least resistance, i.e., the blood vessels, the intra-vascular spaces, the cerebra-spinal fluid, the muscles, and converges at the point of exit. Accordingly, the density of the current is greatest at the points of entrance and exit, and it is here that burns occur. If the current is sufficiently high there may be necrosis and charring of the whole limb. The patient may or may not be rendered unconscious. The heat volatilizes the metal of the conductor. It may set fire to the person's clothing. He may also suffer from flash burns. Damage to the media and intima of blood vessels beyond the apparent burn may cause delayed internal bleeding at a latter stage, so that it is impossible to estimate the full extent of an electrical burn for some days - usually seven. Modern authorities favor whole skin grafting for such in-juries, but if conservative treatment is adopted in time, it will be found that electrical burns remain dry and sterile for about a week. The scarring of electrical burns is often surprisingly small, and contractions and deformities are less than would be expected. Instead of the necrotic skin of ordinary heat - burn scars, there is a smooth, flexible, soft substitute skin with a good network of elastic fibers. Amputation may be necessary should gangrene or very gross damage ensure. If there has been severe muscular necrosis, the patient in a few days is liable to suffer from the "crush syndrome", owing to the release of myoglobin, that can cause tubular blockage in the kidney. Myoglobin, being highly acidic, may also affect the kidney epithelium, and the patient may develop anuria. First aid treatment in such serious cases of burns includes the giving of one teaspoonful of soda bicarbonate in a drink every hour, alkalizing therapy being continued in the hospital under biological control. Such serious cases may require blood replacement therapy and antitetanic serum.

G. Lightning Burns: These vary from superficial charring to extensive full thickness skin loss. One may find linear charring, superficial or deep. Paralysis and temporary loss of power in the limbs are common, due to the passage of current along superficial nerves. If the patient is wet, thus ensuring good contact with earth, skin burns are frequent. If he is dry and well insulated from the ground, there may be tearing of tissue spaces and stripping of clothing, without skin burns. A direct hit will result in instant death. From "Electric Shock", Occupational Hygiene Booklet 28 by Division of Occupational Health and Radiation Control of the Texas State Department of Health, June, 1968.

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SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-14

PRINTMAKING

CERAMICS, GLASS BLOWING AND ENAMELING

METAL WORKING PROCESS

PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTO PROCESSES

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I. Printmaking

A. The hazard of the common printmaking pigments is possible chronic poisoning due to ingestion or inhalation of pigments. Inhalation of pigment powders may be particularly hazardous.

1. Use ready-made ink whenever possible to avoid the hazard of inhalation of pigment powders. Never mix your own chrome yellow zinc yellow, chrome green, or any other pigments that are known human carcinogens.

2. If one handles pigments in a dry form that are highly or moderately toxic, do so in a fume hood or wear an approved dust respirator. Wash work surface carefully after use so pigment dust does not accumulate. Wash hands carefully after work and do not eat, drink, or smoke in studio.

B. The vehicles used in printmaking inks are of raw linseed oil, linseed oil varnished, and burnt plate oil. These vehicles are flammable when heated, and rags soaked in these materials may ignite by spontaneous combustion.

1. Wear gloves whenever possible and wash hands carefully after work. Never eat, drink, or smoke in the studio.

2. Do not use open flame to heat linseed oil, linseed oil varnishes, or burnt plate oil.

3. Remove oil soaked rags from studio each day.

II. Ceramics, Glass Blowing and Enameling

A. Inhalation of free silica during the mixing of powdered clay is highly hazardous, causing silicosis after years of exposure. Inhalation of large amounts of china clay powder is moderately hazardous, causing kaolinosis, a disease in that lungs become mechanically clogged with clay.

1. Wear NIOSH approved dust respirators when mixing clay powders. It is best to mix large batches at a time so that the exposure to the clay dust can be kept to a minimum.

2. Have exhaust ventilation to remove fine dust particles from air.

B. One of the major hazards of glass blowing is due to infrared radiation produced by the molten glass. Regular exposure to small doses can cause chronic inflammation of eyelids and damage to eye lens.

1. Take frequent rest periods in cool environments to give your body a chance to lose excess heat.

2. Protection against infrared radiation can consist of movable reflecting shields.

C. Enamels

1. Use ready made enamels whenever possible since they are already tinted and not as hazardous as raw ingredients.

2. Take standard precautions to avoid inhaling and ingesting dust. Wear an approved dust respirator and gloves. Do not eat, drink or smoke in work area, and carefully wash after work.

III. Metal Working Process

A. Physical hazards of welding

1. Hot metal and flying sparks can cause several thermal burns on exposed skin.

2. Intense visible light causes eyestrain resulting in headaches, inflammation, and other temporarily painful symptoms.

3. Ultraviolet light produced in oxyacetylene welding may cause skin cancer, severe sunburn, and very painful eye damage.

4. Chemicals such as acids and alkalis are sometimes used to clean parts before brazing and can produce chemical burns if allowed to come in contact with the skin.

B. Precautions to observe when welding

1. Welding surface shall be fire proof. Preferably made of steel with fire proof work surface.

2. For heavy welding, use welding helmet.

C. Solder is a mixture of lead and tin. When soldering, some lead fumes can be produced if temperature exceeds 350 degrees C. Inhalation of lead fumes from soldering may cause chronic lead poisoning.

1. For soldering, use general or local exhaust ventilation.

2. Use fan to blow soldering fumes away from the face.

D. Fumes generated during brazing can be a serious hazard. Brazing fluxes generate fluoride fumes when heated. Cadmium in silver brazing alloys vaporizes when over-heated and produces cadmium oxide. Fumes are inhaled into the respiratory tract and they can cause pulmonary distress, shortness of breath, and in cases of severe exposure, may cause death.

IV. Photography and Photo processes

A. Color Processing

1. The developing bath and mixture area should be well ventilated since organic solvents are being used.

2. Pour liquid solution carefully into bottle containing Tertiary Botylamine Borane (TBAB) Powder. Never add (TBAB) to liquid solution. Use exhaust hood or wear approved dust mask.

3. Wear gloves and goggles when handling color developers. Wash gloves with an acid type hand cleaner and then water before removing them.

B. Black and White Photographic Processing

1. Wear rubber gloves when handling developers in powder form or liquid solution. Wear approved dust respirator when pouring developer dust.

2. Never put bare hands in developer baths. Use tongs instead. If developer solution splashes on your skin or into eyes, immediately rinse with lots of water. For eye splash, wash for 15 minutes and call physician. Eye wash fountains are important for photography dark rooms.

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SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-15

OFFICE SAFETY

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An office may seem to be a relatively safe place to work; however, there are a variety of hazards that you should be aware of.

Good housekeeping is essential to prevent all sorts of accidents in the office, including falls. Spilled liquids should be wiped up immediately. Pieces of paper, paper clips, rubber bands, pencils, and other loose objects should be picked up as soon as they are spotted.

Broken glass should be swept up immediately. Glass that shatters into fine pieces can be picked up with damp paper towels, but never use your bare hands to pick up broken glass.

Defective floors, rugs, and floor mats are tripping hazards and should be reported to those responsible for maintenance and repaired immediately.

Card index files, or other heavy objects should be kept off the top of file cabinets and other high furniture. Movable objects, such as flowerpots, vases, and bottles should not be placed on windowsills or ledges.

Make sure that razorblades, thumb tacks, and other sharp objects are not thrown loosely into desk drawers. They should be carefully boxed. Blades and points should be kept stuck in foamed-polystyrene blocks.

Misuse of filing cabinets is another major source of office injuries. Use the file drawer handle to close the file drawer, making sure your fingers are not curled over the edge when the drawer closes. Only one file drawer in the cabinet should be opened at one time to prevent the cabinet from toppling over.

Here are some additional pointers that will make your office a safer place to work:

1. Electrical office equipment of every kind should be properly grounded using the three-wire grounding system of double insulated to reduce the likelihood of electrical shock.

2. Never yank a power cord. Always grasp the plug to pull it out of a receptacle.

3. No matter how well an office machine works, always turn it off before adjusting it, before applying fluids of any kind, or before leaving it even briefly.

4. Make sure electric outlet boxes are not exposed.

5. Frayed electrical cords should be immediately reported to and replaced by qualified personnel.

6. If you need to use an extension cord in the office, ask for one that will carry the electrical power needed to do the job.

7. If you ever suffer even the mildest shock when you touch an office machine, or if you see an office machine giving off smoke or sparks, unplug it only if it can be done safely and summon a qualified repair crew at once. At the same time, post a sign near the machine saying that it is out of order and dangerous.

8. Keep electrical cords out of walkways. But if electrical cords must remain in walkways, they should be fastened to the floor with rigid covers. If they're not, immediately report that fact to your supervisor and those responsible for maintenance.

9. If you are permitted to use a fan in the office, be certain it is secure and placed where it can't fall. And of course, make sure the fan blades are guarded effectively to avoid injuring anyone.

10. Don't wear dangling jewelry or loose clothing around moving machinery such as typewriters, duplicating machines, sorters, and collators, etc.

11. Locate fire extinguishers, and learn how to use them. Also locate emergency exits. Know your nearest primary fire escape route, and a secondary exit, in case the primary exit is blocked. You should also know where and how to use or activate the fire alarm system and other fire fighting equipment in emergencies.

12. An approved metal safety container should be used to store oily rags or solvent soaked rags used for cleaning duplicating equipment.

13. Never store pencils in a container on the desk with points outward.

14. Never leave scissors or any other sharp pointed object on a desk with the point toward the user.

15. Never hand sharp pointed objects to anyone point first.

16. Don't leave objects on the edge of a desk or table where they can easily be pushed off.

17. Desks or files should only be moved by qualified maintenance employees, preferably using special trucks or dollies made for such moving.

18. Standing on a chair to reach an overhead object is very dangerous and should never be attempted. Instead, use a step stool or ladder.

19. Leaning too far back in a chair, leaning sideways from a chair to pick up objects on the floor, scooting across the floor while sitting in a chair, backing up too far in a chair without looking, and sitting on the edge of a chair instead of the center should always be avoided. Any of these situations could result in a sudden and dangerous fall to the floor.

20. All materials should be stored inside of cabinets, files, and lockers. NOT ON TOP. One problem, for example, is that stacks of boxes and papers may tend to pile up on top of cabinets, files, clothing lockers etc. Then they may topple over if someone tries to pull something out of the stack.

21. Never stand on an open file drawer or climb on shelves to grasp materials that would otherwise be out of reach. Again, use a step stool or ladder.

22. Never test a jammed stapler with your thumb over the business end.

23. Always remove staples with a staple remover, not your fingernails.

24. When reaching for an object, always look for hazards that could injure your head as well as your hand. Poking the eye with a pencil or the edge of a cabinet is no joke. Don't carry a pencil in a pocket, use a pocket protector and keep the point down.

25. If you have to carry materials through a doorway, make sure there is adequate clearance on the sides and at the top (you should be able to see over the top and around the sides of whatever materials you have to carry). Pinched fingers are painful, and so is an injured foot that could be caused by the materials dropping on it.

26. Don't reach into a desk drawer for pencils, pens, or other objects without looking. Looking first and proper placement will help decrease the likelihood of pencil punctures, etc.

27. Paper cutters should be properly guarded for maximum protection. When using a paper cutter, keep your fingers away from the blade. Don't release your hold on the blade handle while cutting and never leave the blade in an upright position, even for a second.

28. If you have carbon paper ink or other chemicals on your hands, don't rub your eyes. Irritation can result.

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SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-16

RESPIRATOR PROTECTION

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This Safety Guide is intended to provide individuals whose work requires the use of respirators with instructions for use, maintenance and inspection of respirators.

I. When there is a reasonable probability that within your work area that you will be subject to inhalation of air contaminates, you will be required to wear the appropriate respirator.

A. The respirator furnished by your supervisor shall provide adequate respirator protection against the particular hazard for that it is designed and in accordance with the Dept. of Interior, Bureau of Mines, The American Nation Standard Z 88.2 and CFR 1910.134.

B. You as the employee will be required to wear the respirator after receiving training in its limitations, use, maintenance, and fitting procedures.

C. Where applicable, the respirator should be assigned to individuals for their exclusive use.

D. You will be required to regularly clean and disinfect the respirator. Respirators used exclusively by one person will be cleaned at least daily. Those used by more than one individual will be cleaned after each use.

E. Respirators shall be stored in a convenient, clean, and sanitary location.

F. Respirators used routinely shall be inspected during cleaning, and worn or damaged parts are to be replaced.

G. Supervisors will conduct surveillance of work area conditions and degree of employee exposure to ascertain that no one is exposed to a hazard beyond the respirator's limitations.

II. After receiving personalized training from your supervisor or other qualified individual, such as a factory representative of respirators, you will be required to sign an acknowledgement and understanding form available from the Safety Office. See last page of this Safety Guide S-16

RESPIRATOR PROTECTION TRAINING

Before signing, be sure you understand each of the following items.

1. Explanation of why respirators are necessary to be worn and under what work conditions.

2. Why the particular respirator was selected.

3. Limitations of the selected respirator.

4. Putting on the respirator.

5. Wearing the respirator.

6. Maintenance of the respirator.

7. Inspecting the respirator.

8. Proper fit testing of the respirator.

(Print Full Name)

I ___________________________________________ understand the use, care, maintenance and inspection of the respirator(s) I may use while employed by Stephen F. Austin State University Maintenance Department. I have had the opportunity to wear and fit test the "Comfo II" and "Ultra-Twin" respirators supplied by my employer.

Signature ______________________________________________________

Date ________________________________

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SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-17

SCAFFOLDIING

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Scaffolding shall be furnished and erected in accordance with OSHA standard 29CFR, 1910.28, and ANSI-A92.1 for persons engaged in work that cannot be done safely from the ground or from solid construction or ladders.

1. The footing or anchorage for scaffolds shall be sound, rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum intended load without settling or displacement. Unstable objects such as boxes, bricks, boards or concrete blocks shall not be used to support scaffolding or used in an attempt to level scaffolding. Any minor adjustments needed to maintain scaffolding in a plumb position should be attained by adjustable screw jacks provided in the base section.

2. All scaffolding shall be capable of supporting at least four times the designed working load.

3. All exposed surfaces shall be free from sharp edges, burrs, or other safety hazards.

4. The minimum platform width of any work level shall not be less than twenty inches.

5. The maximum work level height shall not exceed four times the least base dimension of the scaffolding. Higher work levels require the use of outriggers to maintain this 4:1 ratio.

6. Steps or stairs to reach the work platform shall be of slip resistant material.

7. All scaffolding work levels ten feet or higher above ground or floor level, shall have a four inch toe board and handrails no less than thirty-six inches or more than forty-two inches high with a mid-rail.

8. A climbing ladder or stairway shall be provided for proper access and egress, and shall be affixed or built into the scaffolding and so located that it's use will not tend to tip the scaffolding.

9. All scaffolding casters shall be provided with a positive wheel or swivel lock or both to prevent movement.

10. Where uplift may occur, panels or sections shall be locked together vertically by pins or other equivalent means.

11. Scaffolding shall be erected and used only by capable personnel who have been trained in their use. Units shall be inspected thoroughly before and after each use.

12. Overhead protection shall be provided for the work platform when an overhead hazard exists for personnel on the work platform.

13. Where moving vehicles or pedestrian traffic is present in the immediate area, signs, barricades, or ropes will be used to secure the area.

14. Tools and work material will be hoisted or lowered to and from work platform by use of hand lines or suitable containers such as baskets.

15. No locally fabricated scaffolding may be used without writ-ten permission from the Safety Director.

16. No scaffolding shall be erected to exceed fifty feet without written permission from the Safety Director.

17. No one is permitted to ride on scaffolding while they are being moved; and material, tools, or equipment shall not be stored loosely while scaffolding is being moved.

18. Ladders and other objects will not be used on work platform to gain additional height.

19. Personnel shall not work from scaffolding during high winds or inclement weather.

If you have any doubts about the safety of your scaffolding or any other tools or equipment you work with, be sure to consult with your supervisor, University Safety Committee, or the Safety Director.

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SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

NUMBER: S-18

EXCAVATIONS

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Trenching and shoring shall be done in accordance with OSHA standard 29CFR, 1926 when the opening is to exceed five (5) feet in depth.

1. This applies to all open excavations made in the earth's surface. Excavation is defined to include trenches.

2. All surface encumbrances that are located at the excavation site shall be at least two (2) feet from the edge of the excavation.

3. The estimated location of sewer, telephone, fuel, electric, water lines, or any other underground installations that may be encountered during excavation shall be determined prior to opening an excavation. All utility lines shall be protected, supported or removed to safeguard employees.

4. A stairway, ladder, or ramp shall be provided for access or egress for any excavation exceeding four (4) feet.

5. Employees exposed to vehicular traffic shall be provided with and wear vests or garments of high-visibility material.

6. No Employee shall be permitted underneath loads handled by lifting or digging equipment. Employees shall be required to stand away from vehicles being loaded or unloaded.

7. Mobile equipment shall use a warning system such as barricades, hand or mechanical signals, or stop logs.

8. Adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent employees from being exposed to atmospheric contaminants and excavations exceeding four (4) feet shall be tested before employees enter.

9. Employee shall not work in excavations in that there is water accumulated unless supports, a shield system, or water removal equipment is in use.

10. Structures endangered by excavation shall be secured by shoring, bracing, or underpinning to ensure stability for the protection of the employees.

11. Employees shall be protected from loose rock or soil by scaling and keeping all material and equipment at least two (2) feet from the edge of the excavation.

12. The job foreman and the Safety Director shall make daily inspections of the excavations.

13. All regulations shall be applied. In the event a violation is observed, the job will be evacuated until specifications can be engaged.

14. If any questions arise about this statement or exact details of the regulations, please refer to the Code of Federal Regulations 29 part 1926.650

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SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

S-19

LOCKOUT TAGOUT

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The purpose of this program is to eliminate the accidental energizing of equipment, which could cause injury or death to employees, while performing maintenance on machines and equipment. This program provides procedures that will be used by supervisors and the persons who perform electrical or mechanical work on various machines and equipment.

Experience has shown that the only positive method to protect repairmen from machine accidents is to lock the main machine power source in the off position. Machines also have, along with electricity, air, hydraulics, or mechanical means to power them. These areas must also be locked in a safe position.

PROCEDURE:

The following must be observed each time a piece of equipment is shut down for maintenance.

A. Each Maintenance Person and Electrician will be supplied with a uniquely keyed lock. This lock will be placed on the main switch or breaker with the person doing the repair work maintaining possession of the key.

B. Locked equipment must also be tagged out. Tags shall not replace locking out. The point-of-operation switch would be the best place for the tag; but if this is not possible, place the tag where the machine operator can see it easily; also place the tag at the panel disconnect.

C. Test the Locked-Out main breaker switch by trying to close the circuit breaker with the lock in place.

D. Test the circuit to assure it is de-energized by closing the local switch to see whether the equipment starts. Then return the switch to the off position. If this is not possible, use the proper equipment to test the circuit.

E. If more than one maintenance person is working on a piece of equipment, each should use their lock to cover the event that one worker has to leave.

F. If the machine has air or hydraulic controls that would pose a danger to the work being done, these controls will be locked or tied in an off or zero-movement position. If they are in a place that they could be untied easily by an unknowing operator, a tag will be placed at the point they are tied.

G. In the case of open panel, a tag should be placed on disconnect inside panel, and if machine is left alone for any reason, panel should be shut and locked out.

H. At any time tags should not be removed by unauthorized persons. Only a maintenance person or maintenance supervisor upon completion of work may remove tags. Any violations of this policy will be subject to disciplinary action.

ROUTINE WORK:

Supervisors, Production Personnel, Contractors, etc., in some cases perform periodic cleaning and maintenance work on machines or equipment that could, if energized, cause injury. During operations where accidental starting of machines or equipment can cause injury, it will be necessary for the supervisor to lock out the equipment.

ENERGIZED MAINTENANCE:

In those situations where it is absolutely necessary to perform energized maintenance work, tags must be placed at all stations that could make the equipment active.

INCOMPLETE WORK:

In the case where work is not completed at the end of the work period or if the maintenance person is moved from the job before the work is complete, his personal lock must remain in place until the work is complete. The supervisor must be notified and the night maintenance person must be informed. At this time a decision must be made on how this lock out would affect the night maintenance work.

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SAFETY GUIDE

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY

S-20

CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction

II. Permit required CSE Applicability

III. Implementation

IV. Authorized Personnel

V. Confined Space Inventory

VI. Work Practices

A. Prohibited Activities

B. Responsibilities

C. Safety Equipment

D. Permit Procedures

E. Conditions for Entry

F. Posting

G. Reclassification of Confined Spaces

H. Welding in Confined Spaces

I. Painting, Solvents, Chemicals

VII. Training

VIII. Emergency Response

Standard Forms

Attachments

I. INTRODUCTION - This program is designed to comply with 29 CFR 1910.146, the standard regulating the entry of personnel into confined spaces. There are four important definitions within 1910.146 that must be understood to implement this program. They are:

A. CONFINED SPACE means a space that satisfies all three of the following conditions:

1. Large enough and configured such that it may be entered to perform assigned work.

2. Limited or restricted means for entry or exit, which includes: tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, pits, wet wells, dike areas, sewers, manholes, furnaces, excavations and trenches.

3. Not designed for continuous occupancy.

B. PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE (PRCS) means a confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics:

1. Contains or has a known potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere.

2. Contains a material with the potential for engulfment of an entrant.

3. Has inwardly sloping walls which could trap or cause asphyxiation of an entrant.

4. Has a floor that slopes downward or tapers to a smaller cross-section that could trap or cause asphyxiation of an entrant.

5. Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.

C. PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE - ATMOSPHERE ONLY (PRCS-AO) means a Permit Required Confined Space for which the only hazard is an actual or potentially hazardous atmosphere.

D. NON-PERMIT CONFINED SPACE (NPCS) means a confined space that does not contain or, concerning atmospheric hazards, has the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm.

II. PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE ENTRY APPLICABILITY - This program covers all employees who, as a part of their designated job duties, authorize, enter, assist with entry and work done or will perform rescue operations in Permit Required Confined Spaces. The program identifies five specific categories of employees involved with Permit Required Confined Space entry, defines their responsibilities and outlines their required training. They are (1) Entry Approval Authority, (2) Entry Supervisor, (3) Entrant, (4) Attendant. This program is designed to control risks to employees associated with Permit Required Confined Space entry such that injury, illness and death are eliminated. The program will be accessible to our employees.

III. SCHEDULE AND METHOD OF IMPLEMENTATION -- We will attempt a good-faith effort to meet the implementation established below:

A. Written entry program.

B. Identification of all Confined Spaces.

C. Training provided to applicable employees.

D. Personal protective and rescue equipment in place.

IV. AUTHORIZED PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE PERSONNEL

A. Entry Approval Authority -- those employees who have been given the authority to authorize entry into Permit Required Confined Space(s).

B. Entry Supervisor -- who will supervise the Permit Required Confined Space preparation and entry.

C. Authorized Entrant -- employees who will actually enter the Permit Required Confined Space.

D. Attendant -- employees who will monitor the work from outside the Permit Required Confined Space.

E. Emergency Responder -- employees who will provide rescue of personnel from Permit Required Confined Space.

V. CONFINED SPACE INVENTORY

A. Permit Required Confined Space (PRCS) -- before entry each of the following must be identified:

1. Permit Required Confined Space

2. Purpose for entry

3. Potential Atmospheric & Physical Hazards

B. Permit Required Confined Space - Atmosphere Only (PRCS-AO) -- before entry each of the following must be identified:

1. Permit Required Confined Space-AP

2. Purpose for entry

3. Potential Atmospheric Hazardous Conditions

C. Permit Required Confined Space - Physical Hazards Only (PRCS-PHO) -- before entry each of the following must be identified:

1. Permit Required Confined Space-PHO

2. Purpose for entry

3. Potential Hazardous Physical Conditions

D. Non-Permit Required Confined Spaces -- before entry each of the following must be identified:

1. Non-Permit Required Confined Space

2. Purpose for entry

3. Date last reviewed

VI. WORK PRACTICES

A. Prohibited Activities - No employee or contractor employee working at a Stephen F. Austin State University facility shall:

1. Enter any confined space unless absolutely necessary.

2. Enter a Permit Required Confined Space without first receiving training as an Authorized Entrant.

3. Enter a Permit Required Confined Space without first verifying all conditions for safe entry established by this procedure have been satisfied for the specific Permit Required Confined Space involved.

4. Enter a Permit Required Confined Space without first personally assuring himself/herself that all energy sources are locked out and pipes entering the space are isolated by either blocking or locking out.

5. Enter a Permit Required Confined Space with a potential for a hazardous atmosphere without first testing the atmosphere for: (1) oxygen deficiency/enrichment, (2) explosive atmosphere, (3) hazardous gases or chemical atmosphere.

B. Responsibilities

1. Supervisor

a. Supervise the preparation for the Permit Required Confined Space entry.

b. Initiate and complete the Permit Required Confined Space Entry checklist.

c. Request approval for entry through the Safety Director.

d. Notify all personnel responsible for performing the work to be done in the Permit Required Confined space of the nature of the hazards involved and precautions to follow for safe execution of the work.

e. Verify that all isolation steps are taken and all lockouts are installed by the authorized entrant(s).

f. Verify that the information on the Permit Required Confined Space Entry checklist is accurate and complete and the Entry Permit is current; post both conspicuously at the entrance to the confined space.

g. Ensure that only authorized entrants with current training enter the confined space and that authorized entrants are properly trained in the work to be performed.

h. Remove unauthorized individuals who enter or attempt to enter the confined space.

i. Ensure that the proper safety, rescue and personal protective equipment are at the worksite and used.

j. Review operations and conditions periodically during the work for continuing compliance with the Entry Permit. Ensure that proper entry operations are maintained when responsibility for the entry is transferred during the entry.

k. Review the need for and authorize welding and other "hot work" in the space and issue a "hot work" permit.

l. Cancel the Entry Permit and order evacuation of the Permit Required Confined space whenever acceptable conditions are no longer present.

m. Verify that the Permit Required Confined Space has been evacuated prior to closing the space and returning it to operation.

n. Ensure that the Permit Required Confined Space is properly closed and returned to operation with the removal of isolation steps and lockout devices.

o. Cancel and return the Permit Required Confined Space Entry Permit and the Entry Checklist to the Safety Director for filing when the work has been completed or canceled.

p. Ensure that contractors who are used for Confined Space work have a suitable "Confined Space Program," which has been approved by the Safety Director.

2. Attendant

a. Know the hazards that may be faced during entry, including the mode, signs, symptoms and consequences of exposure.

b. Know the possible behavioral effects on entrants of exposure to the hazards that may be faced.

c. Continually monitor the permit required confined space from the outside for changes inside the space which may cause unsafe conditions.

d. Maintain the PRCS Entry Record of all authorized entrants in the permit required confined space.

e. Maintain constant visual and/or voice communication with the authorized entrants.

f. Continually monitor the behavior of the authorized entrants and initiate evacuation/rescue procedures when symptoms or behavior indicates the effects of hazardous exposure.

g. Continually monitor the quality of the atmosphere in the permit required confined space during entry, under direction of the safety Director.

h. Continually monitor conditions outside the permit required confined space that may affect the safety of the authorized entrants.

i. Never leave the authorized entrants unattended in the permit required confined space; provide another trained attendant on duty before leaving the entrance area.

j. Police the area for unauthorized personnel and/or unauthorized entrants and take appropriate action.

k. Initiate evacuation/rescue procedures and call for back-up rescue team when unsafe or prohibited conditions occur.

l. Perform non-entry rescue (retrieval) as specified in this program.

m. Never enter the permit required confined space to initiate rescue until trained assistance has arrived at the entrance.

n. Perform no other duties that might interfere with the primary duty to monitor and protect the Authorized Entrants.

3. Authorized Entrant

a. Review the particular hazards associated with each entry, including the mode, signs, symptoms, behavioral effects and consequences of exposure.

b. Verify the information on the Permit Required Confined Space Entry Checklist and Entry Permit is accurate and complete; sign the checklist as a confirmation that the information has been verified.

c. Personally inspect and verify the suitability and operation of the safety and personal protective equipment to be used during the entry.

d. Install personal lockout devices on all energy sources and piping and verify that all piping has been suitably isolated, if lockout is not possible.

e. Follow standard procedures for working in the permit required confined space, including the use of safety and personal protective equipment.

f. Perform only those operations authorized by the Permit Required Confined Space Entry Checklist and Entry Permit; report discrepancies to the Entry Supervisor.

g. Immediately evacuate the permit required confined space when ordered to do so by the Attendant when conditions become unsafe for continued occupancy, or when an evacuation alarm is sounded.

h. Maintain visual and/or voice communication with the Attendant.

i. When work is completed and evacuation of the permit required confined space has been verified by the Attendant and when authorized by the Entry Supervisor, remove personal lockout and isolation devices.

j. Clean, replenish, store and/or report the need for repairs of the safety and personal protective equipment according to standard sight procedures.

4. Safety Director and/or Entry Approval Authority

a. Supervise the testing of the atmosphere of the permit required confined space before and during entry.

b. Review the Permit Required Confined Space Entry Checklist and approve the Entry Permit at the request of the Entry Supervisor.

c. Ensure that the Entry Supervisor, Authorized Entrants, Attendants and Emergency Responders are adequately trained by reviewing the content of the training program, providing site specific training and maintaining records of training.

d. Coordinate in-house and contract emergency response and rescue services before the need for the services; conduct a periodic review with the providers of these services not less frequently than annually.

e. Provide consultation for unusual entry conditions.

f. Review PRCS Entry programs of contractors used for confined space entry work to ensure that the programs are suitable. Coordinate review with Entry Supervisor(s).

g. Assist in obtaining non-standard specialized protective equipment.

h. Maintain atmospheric test equipment used for permit required confined space entry.

I. Audit the performance of the Permit Required Confined Space Program at least annually and update according to law or University changes.

C. Safety Equipment

1. Safety Equipment required for permit required confined space entry is provided only as a back-up to proper preparation of the space, safe work practices, adequate ventilation and adequate training for both supervisors and employees.

2. Safety equipment will be dictated by the requirements of each entry. It will include any or all the following items, as established by the Safety Director.

a. Safety harness and/or wristlets complete with safety line and retrieval apparatus (winch and A-frame, or equivalent).

b. Approved NIOSH/MSHA respiratory protective equipment selected according to the following:

NOT in Excess of: Minimum Protection

10 x lesser of PEL/TLV Half face negative

pressure or powered air

purifying respirator with

appropriate cartridges.

50 x lessor of PEL/TLV Full face piece negative

pressure or powered air

purifying respirator with

appropriate cartridges

full face piece air line

respirator operated in

the continuos flow mode

100 x lessor of PEL/TLV Full face piece air line

respirator operated on

the pressure demand mode

Full face piece self-

contained breathing

apparatus (SCBA)

1000 X lesser of Full face piece air line

respirator with emergency

escape provision

operated in the pressure

demand mode

Full face piece SCBA

Greater than 1000x Full Face piece SCBA

lesser of PEL/TLV

(1) Respiratory protection rated for protection at higher levels of contamination may be substituted for use at a lower level.

(2) The use of negative pressure air purifying respirators is NOT allowed for oxygen deficient or IDLH atmospheres.

(3) Consult the appropriate OSHA regulation for containment with specific work practice standards for respiratory protection requirement

c. Protective clothing: gloves, hard hat, eye protection, coveralls, boots, safety shoes.

d. Atmospheric testing equipment for oxygen deficiency, explosive gases and toxic gases.

e. Fire Extinguisher.

D. Permit Procedures

1. The Permit Required Confines Space Entry Permit process is initiated by the Entry Supervisor at the request of a foreperson.

a. An initial verification of the need for entry is made.

b. The Entry Checklist is completed.

c. The Entry Checklist is reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved by both Entry Supervisor and the Safety Director.

d. The Entry Permit is issued by the Safety Director, the Mechanical Maintenance Supervisor, the Energy Management Supervisor, or the Electric Foreperson.

2. The Entry Supervisor posts the Entry Permit and Checklist conspicuously at the entrance to the space.

3. Each Authorized Entrant and Entry Supervisor must review and sign the Entry Permit and Checklist prior to beginning the entry.

a. Each Attendant must review the Entry permit and Checklist before the initiation of the entry.

4. The Entry Supervisor returns the Checklist and Permit to the Safety Director for filing when the work has been completed or canceled.

E. Conditions for Entry

1. Permit Required Confined Space Preparation:

a. Emptying: All Permit Required Confined Space areas that are to be entered must be properly emptied of engulfment or skin contact hazards, as directed by the Entry Supervisor. All material products and liquids shall be removed prior entry, unless additional precautions are taken to prevent engulfment or skin contact during entry.

b. Lockout/Tagout: Comply with the provisions of the sight Lockout/Tagout program to positively deactivate all energy sources in or entering the space. Isolate all pipelines, sewer, drains, hydraulic lines, pressure lines and similar sources connecting to the permit required confined space.

c. Ventilation: No employee shall enter a permit required confined space until adequate ventilation has been provided to purge the atmosphere of the space to meet the air quality criteria set forth therein. The ventilation of the space, including type, number and location of mechanical ventilation units shall be reviewed by the Safety Director. The Entry Supervisor shall assess the need for continuing positive ventilation during the entry to maintain an acceptable atmosphere in the space and provide suitable equipment.

2. Atmospheric Testing

a. The Safety Director or Entry Supervisor shall complete an evaluation of the air quality in the permit required confined space before entry for atmospheric hazards suspected to be present. For entry to be allowed, regardless of respiratory protection used, the following minimum air quality criteria shall be met:

(1) Oxygen content: 19.5% - 23.5%

(2) Explosiveness: less than 10% of the PEL for the most flammable constituent present

(3) Carbon monoxide (CO): 35 PPM or less

In addition, for entry to be allowed where there are known airborne contaminants in concentrations exceeding their PEL’s, proper respiratory protection must be used. Without actual measurements at the time of entry, the need for selection and use of respiratory protection should be base on previous documentation of the concentrations possible. MSDS’s should be consulted before entry to determine which atmospheric contaminants may be present.

3. Rescue

a. Every Authorized Entrant into a Permit Required Confined Space, must wear a body harness or wrist harness with a lifeline attached unless the use of the retrieval equipment creates a greater hazard. The lifeline must be fastened to a fixed object outside the tank. This is an optional requirement for Permit Required Confined Spaces - Atmosphere Only.

(1) A chest-waist type harness with "D" rings located on the shoulder straps with yoke and lifeline attached must be worn in a permit require confined space with an entrance of 21" diameter or greater.

(2) A wrist harness with lifeline attached must be worn in a permit required confined space with an entrance of 20" diameter or less.

(3) An additional body or wrist harness with attached lifeline of the same type must be at the site ready for emergency use.

b. The Attendant should be continuously present outside the entrance to the permit required confined space and maintain continuous visual or voice contact with Entrant(s).

c. The Attendant should order evacuation of the confined space at the first indication of an emergency or hazardous condition, including intoxication or similar signs of distress from the Entrant(s).

d. The Attendant shall initiate rescue, but must NEVER enter the permit required confined space until help has been summoned and has arrived at the entrance.

e. If possible, rescue should be without entering the Permit Required Confined Space using the rescue harness and lifeline.

f. Following notification and initiation of the rescue by the Attendant, the Entry Supervisor and/or Safety Director shall be responsible for directing the emergency rescue.

4. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

a. All PPE identified by the Safety Director and/or Entry Supervisor must be inspected for physical damage and checked for proper operation before entry.

b. All PPE must be donned before and worn during entry.

5. Tools and other Support Equipment

a. The Entry Supervisor shall assure that all electrical tools and support equipment are properly grounded. Electrical tools shall be double insulated. Circuits shall have over current and ground-fault interrupter (GFI) protection.

b. Lighting shall have an NFPA rating appropriate for the space and location.

F. Posting

1. Permit Required Confined Space will be posted with danger signs or other equally effective means to inform employees of the existence, location and danger posed.

2. Sign shall read:

DANGER

PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE

UNAUTHORIZED ENTRY PROHIBITED

(or other appropriate wording)

G. Reclassification of confined spaces

1. Each Non-Permit and Permit Required Confined Space is classified for the specifics of existing and anticipated conditions associated with the space. The introduction or elimination of one or more of these conditions may require the space to be reclassified.

2. To reclassify a confined space, consult the existing Confined Space Evaluation Worksheet and prepare a revised worksheet. Make the corresponding change to the Confined Space Inventory.

H. Welding in Confined Spaces

1. When welding or any combustion operation is planned in a Non-Permit Confined space, the confined space will automatically be RECLASSIFIED AS A PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE - ATMOSPHERE ONLY (PRCS-AO).

2. When welding or any combustion operation is being planned in a Permit Required Confined Space - Physical Hazards Only (PRCS-PHO) the confined space will automatically be reclassified as a Permit Required Confined Space and will require atmospheric testing and the elimination and/or control of both atmosphere and physical hazards.

I. Painting, Solvent and Other Chemical Use in Confined Spaces

1. When painting, use of chemicals or any operation could create a potential hazardous atmosphere is planned in a Non-Permit Required Confined Space -- Physical Hazards Only (PRCS-PHO) the Confined Space will automatically be reclassified as a Permit Required Confined Space and will require atmospheric testing and the elimination and/or control of both atmosphere and physical hazards.

VII. TRAINING

A. The Safety Director shall insure necessary training for Authorized Entrants, Attendants, Entry Supervisors, and Rescue Team members to allow them to fulfill their assigned responsibilities as described in this program.

B. The Supervisor shall assist the Safety Director when necessary by providing training resources and direction.

C. The Safety Director shall maintain records of training.

D. Each Authorized Entrant, Attendant, Entry Supervisor, and Rescue Team members shall receive refresher training at least annually, consisting of review of the key elements of safe entry and this program. The Safety Director should emphasize areas of the program where deficiencies have been demonstrated or are suspected.

E. Training shall include the following key elements:

1. A summary of the Permit Required Confined Space Program.

2. Definition of a Permit Required Confined Space (Section 1).

3. Permit required confined space hazard inventory at the site

4. Prohibited activities

5. Responsibilities of Entry Supervisors, Attendants, Authorized Entrants

6. Permit Procedures

7. Conditions for Entry

8. Safety Equipment, including hands-on practice in donning, fitting, using the equipment for Authorized Entrants and Attendants.

9. Hands-on assimilated entry, retrieval and rescue.

F. Emergency responders, whether contract or in-house, will participate in actual simulated rescue periodically, but at least annually.

VIII. EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND RESCUE

A. Emergency Care Providers and Emergency Room shall be notified by using 911 services.

B. The route from the worksite to the Emergency Room shall be established at the beginning of each job and be posted at the job sight.

C. The Safety Director and Supervisor phone number(s) shall be prominently posted at the entry to the permit required confined space by the Entry Supervisor.

PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT

Date ____________________________

Location and Description of Confined Space ___________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Site/Building/Department _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Purpose of Entry/Work Assignment/WO # ________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Date(s) of Work ________________________________Time of Work _________________

History/Potential Hazards ____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Authorized Entrant(s) ______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Authorized Attendant(s) ______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Using 911 services shall provide emergency Response.

Entry Supervisor _____________________________________________________________

Entry Authorized by __________________________________________________________

Signature _____________________________________ Date _________________________

PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE ENTRY CHECKLIST

Confined Space _______________________________________________________________

PREPARATIONS FOR ENTRY

Lockout/Tagout procedures followed Y N N/A

Electrical hazards removed/isolated Y N N/A

Lines carrying material to and from

confined space blanked off, drained,

locked by two valves and/or flushed Y N N/A

Gases and chemicals purged, flushed, vented Y N N/A

Welding, cutting, open flames present Y N N/A

Welding/hot Work posted Y N N/A

Continuous air monitoring provided Y N N/A

Continuous ventilation provided Y N N/A

Personal Protective Equipment provided Y N N/A

Appropriate Respiratory Protection provided Y N N/A

Communication equipment provided Y N N/A

Safety Harness provided Y N N/A

Lifelines/escape provided Y N N/A

Approved lighting equipment provided Y N N/A

Attendant outside trained/instructed Y N N/A

Necessary rescue equipment provided Y N N/A

Approved/posted Entry Permit on-site Y N N/A

Atmospheric Testing Required:

% Oxygen Y N N/A

% LEL Y N N/A

Carbon Monoxide Y N N/A

Ammonia Y N N/A

Hydrogen Sulfide Y N N/A

Other ____________________________________ Y N N/A

Reviewed and Approved By: __________________________________ Date ____________

PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE ENTRY RECORD

Confined Space _______________________________________________________________

Atmospheric testing -- Permissible Entry Level/Monitoring Results

TIME	% OXYGEN	% LEL	HYDROGEN	SULFIDE	OTHER	INITIALS
	19.5-23.5	under 10%	CARBON	+10 PPM
			MONOXIDE	(STEL-15 PPM)
			+35 PPM








NAME	IN	OUT	IN	OUT	IN	OUT










NOTES:

PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE -- PHYSICAL HAZARDS ENTRY CHECKLIST

Confined Space _______________________________________________________________

IMPORTANT

This confined space does not contain or have YES NO

the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere.

Stop #1: If "No" is indicated, the confined space must be considered to have a potentially hazardous atmosphere and the Standard Checklist and procedures must be used including atmospheric testing.

Stop #2: If the entrant will perform welding, cutting, painting, cleaning, or any other operation that could create a potentially hazardous atmosphere, the Standard checklist must be used including atmospheric testing.

PREPARATIONS FOR ENTRY

Lockout/Tagout procedures followed Y N N/A

Electrical hazards removed/isolated Y N N/A

Lines carrying material to and from

confined space blanked off, drained,

locked by two valves and/or flushed Y N N/A

Fall protection provided Y N N/A

Do any other physical hazards exist that

the employee must be protected from Y N N/A

Hazards Protective Measures

_______________________________________ ________________________

________________________________________ ________________________

Personal Protective Equipment provided Y N N/A

Communication equipment provided Y N N/A

Safety Harness provided Y N N/A

Lifelines/escape provided Y N N/A

Approved lighting equipment provided Y N N/A

Attendant outside trained/instructed Y N N/A

CSE-PHO (Cont.)

Necessary rescue equipment provided Y N N/A

Approved/posted Entry Permit on-site Y N N/A

Reviewed by

Entrant/Attendant Signature Date

________________________ _____________________ _______________

Reviewed and Approved By: __________________________________ Date ____________

ATTACHMENT A

DEFINITION OF TERMS

(FOUND IN 1910.146)

Acceptable entry condition means the conditions that must exist in a permit space to allow entry and to ensure that employees involved with a permit-required confined space entry can safely enter into and work within the space.

Attendant means an individual stationed outside one or more permit spaces who monitors the authorized entrants and who performs all attendant’s duties assigned in the employee’s permit space program.

Authorized entrant means an employee who is authorized by the employer to enter a permit space.

Blanking or blinding means the absolute closure of a pipe, line or duct by the fastening of a solid plate (such as a spectacle blind or a skillet blind) that completely corners the bore and that is capable of withstanding the maximum pressure of the pipe, line or duct with no leakage beyond the plate.

Confined Space means a space that is:

(1) Large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned works:

(2) Limited or has restricted means for entry or exit (for example, tanks, vessels, dikes, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that may have limited means of entry); and

(3) Not designed for continuous employee occupancy.

Designed for Continuous human (employee) occupancy -- means an area designed for employees to enter and work for prolonged periods (continuously if necessary) with the following six (6) features:

(1) Ventilation (either natural or mechanical) that ensures the presence of a normal atmosphere for an occupant to breathe and

(2) Permanently installed lighting and

(3) Routine job functions are performed in the area (space), whether maintenance or operational and

(4) Permanently installed ingress/egress, that is, ladder, stairs, door way and

(5) Large enough to allow an adult to work and move around while erect and

(6) Can be occupied with equipment present in the area fully operational with no known physical hazards present that could cause serious physical harm to the occupant.

Double block and bleed means the closure of a line, duct, or pipe by closing and locking or tagging two inline valves and by opening and locking or tagging a drain or vent valve in the line between the two closed valves.

Emergency means any occurrence (including any failure of hazard control or monitoring equipment) or event internal AO external to the permit space that could endanger entrants.

Engulfment means the surrounding and effective capture of a person by a liquid or finely divided (flowable) solid substances that can be expected to cause death by filling or plugging the respiratory system that can exert enough force on the body to cause death by strangulation, constriction, or crushing.

Entry means the action by which a person passes through an opening into a permit required confined space. Entry includes ensuring work activities in that space and is considered to have occurred when any part of the entrant’s body breaks the plane of an opening into the space.

Entry permit(s) means the written or printed document that is provided by the employer to allow and control entry into a permit space and that contains the information specified in paragraph (f) of this section.

Entry supervisor means that person (such as the employer, foreman, or crew chief) responsible for determining if acceptable entry conditions are present at a permit space where entry is planned, for overseeing entry operations, and for terminating entry as required by this section.

Entry Approval Authority means that person who has been given authority by the Supervisor or Safety Director to authorize entry into a Permit Required Confined Space.

Hazardous atmosphere means an atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue (that is, escape unaided from a permit space), injury, or acute illness from one or more of the following scenes:

(1) Flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10 percent of its lower flammable limit (LFL);

(2) Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its LFL;

Note #1: This concentration may be approximated as a condition in which the dust obscures vision at a distance of 5 feet (1.52m) or less.

(3) Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5 percent or above 23.5 percent;

(4) Atmospheric concentration of any substance for which a dose or a permissible exposure limit is published in Subpart G, Occupational Health and Environmental Control, or in Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances, and which could result in employee exposure in excess of its dose or permissible exposure limit;

(5) Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to life or health.

Note #2: An atmosphere concentration of any substance that is not capable of causing death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue, injury, or acute illness due to its health effect is not covered by this provision.

Hot work permit means the employer’s written authorization to perform operations (for example, riveting, welding, cutting, burning and heating) capable of providing a source of ignition.

Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) means any condition that poses an immediate or delayed threat to life or that would cause irreversible adverse health effect’s or that would interfere with an individual’s ability to escape unaided from a permit space.

Inerting means the displacement of the atmosphere in a permit space by a noncombustible gas (such as nitrogen) to such an extent that the resulting atmosphere is noncombustible.

Isolation means the process by which a permit space is removed from service and completely protected against the release of energy and material into the space by such means as blanking or blinding; realigning or removing sections of lines, pipes, or ducts; a double block and bleed system; lockout or Tagout of all sources of energy or blocking or disconnecting all mechanical linkages.

Limited or restricted means for entry or exit means the configuration of entrances and exits equal to those used for tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits, but excluding doorways and other portals through which a person can walk.

Line breaking means the intentional opening of a pipe, line, or duct that is or has been carrying flammable, corrosive, or toxic material, an inert gas, or any fluid at o volume pressure, or temperature capable of causing injury.

Non-permit confined space means a confined space that does not contain or, with respect to atmospheric hazards, have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm.

Oxygen deficient atmosphere means an atmosphere containing less than 19.5 percent oxygen by volume.

Oxygen enriched atmosphere means an atmosphere containing more than 23,5 percent oxygen by volume.

Permit required confined space (permit space) means a confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics:

(1) Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere;

(2) Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant;

(3) Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section; or

(4) Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.

Permit-required confined space program (permit space program) means the employer’s overall program for controlling and, where appropriate, for protecting employees from permit space hazards and for regulating employee entry into permit spaces.

Permit system means the employer’s written procedure for preparing and issuing permits for entry made and for returning the permit space to service following termination of entry.

Prohibited condition means any condition in a permit space that is not allowed by the permit during the period when entry is authorized.

Rescue service means the personnel designated for rescue of employees from permit spaces.

Serious safety or health hazard means a hazard that could cause death or serious physical harm.

Serious physical harm means (1) impairment of the body in which part of the body is made functionally useless or is substantially reduced in efficiency on or off the job. Such impairment may be permanent or temporary, chronic or acute. (Some examples include partial amputation, concussion, crushing, fracture, burn or scale, and cuts, laceration, or puncture involving significant bleeding.) (2) illness that could shorten life or significantly reduce physical or mental efficiency by inhibiting the normal function of a part of the body. (Some examples include cancer, silicosis, hearing loss, visual impairment, and central nervous system impairment.)

* Note: An atmosphere concentration of any substance that is not capable of causing death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue, injury, or acute illness due to its health effects is not covered by this provision.

Testing means the process by which the hazards that may confront entrants of a permit space are identified and evaluated. Testing includes specifying the tests that are to be performed in the permit space.

ATTACHMENT B

Determining Ventilation Requirements

Atmospheric hazards in Permit Required Confined Spaces are of three general types:

- explosive atmosphere

- oxygen deficiency

- toxins

Forced ventilation is necessary to control each of these atmospheres before and during each entry. For explosive atmospheres, ventilation is necessary to lower the concentration of flammable vapors to below 10% of the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). For oxygen deficiency, sufficient ventilation is necessary to replace the oxygen consumed by the workers and combustion sources, such as welding. For toxins, sufficient ventilation is necessary to keep the concentration at or below the PEL/TLV.

Forced ventilation, to accomplish its intended purpose, must be:

- free of combination itself

- introduced into the breathing zone (s) of the worker(s)

The air quality in the confined space must be checked periodically during the entry to determine that enough forced ventilation is being used. Refer to the Permit Required Confined Space Entry Record.

* Note: Natural air movement may or may not be present in confined spaces. Even if present, it may not be at a rate adequate to sustain life. To determine the amount of natural air movement, a hand-held velometer must be used. A smoke tube may be used initially to determine whether any air movement is present at all. However, the smoke tube will not measure the rate of ventilation. For forced (mechanical) ventilation, the ventilation rates are listed AO the specific equipment used.

EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES

For explosive atmospheres, the rate of ventilation is determined by the time desired for the dilution to take place before entry. This time is not a critical safety issue, and the rate of ventilation can vary. The atmosphere should be tested until it is acceptable for entry and the ventilation maintained during entry as need, but determination of a required minimum ventilation rate is not necessary. Continue to measure the explosive concentration in the Permit Required Confined Space during the entry. Adjust the ventilation rate as needed.

OXYGEN DEFICIENCY

The oxygen content within the Permit Required Confined Space must be measured before each entry. Even if it is acceptable before entry, however, it is necessary to predict the volume of fresh air that must be added to replace the oxygen that will be consumed during the entry. The average male worker consumes about 1.5 cubic feet per minute (CFM) doing moderately strenuous work. As a first approximation, the confined space should be ventilated with an equal volume of fresh air per minute per worker, plus a safety factor of 10 or 15 CFM. To determine the ventilation rate, multiply the number of workers that will be in the space at one time by 15 CFM.

For welding operations and other activities that consume oxygen, add an amount of fresh air equal to 6 workers for each welder or operation to be used in the space.

Continue to measure the oxygen concentration in the Permit Required Confined Space during the entry. Adjust the ventilation rate as needed.

NOTE: Shallow, open topped Permit Required Confined Spaces such as furnace pits, valve pits, hoppers and bins are capable of containing oxygen deficient atmospheres. This is because the surrounding atmosphere may not naturally circulate into the confined space. The absence of oxygen deficiency must be verified before each entry, and during entry into these PRCS’s.

TOXIC ATMOSPHERES

The permit entry procedures will identify which atmosphere hazards, along with explosive vapors and oxygen deficiency, may be present or introduced into the Permit Required Confined Space. When these have been identified, then the amount of forced ventilation can be calculated so that the concentrations of these atmospheric hazards will be kept below the PEL/TLV.

For toxins that are present in the space before entry and will not be introduced into the confined space as a result of the work performed, treat the forced ventilation in the same manner as an explosive atmosphere. Add forced ventilation at any desired rate and measure the concentration of the toxic(s) until a level at or below the PEL/TLV is attained. Continue to monitor during the entry. You will need the following information about toxins that will be introduced into the confined space by the scheduled work:

the amount of solvent or other toxic substances that will be used in gallons.

how long of a period this substance will be used in the space.

With this information, do the following:

1. Divide the gallons to be used by the length of time of the entry, to get the evaporation rate.

2. Use the MSDS to find

* the weight per gallon

* percent of substance which can evaporate (volatile)

* the lowest PEL or TLV for these volatile components

3. Find the molecular weight of the volatile component with the lowest PEL/TLV from the attached table of molecular weights.

4. Select a Safety Factor (K) from the following:

3 low hazard (small space, good air circulation, PEL/TLV > 500 PPM)

6 average conditions (PEL/TLV of 100-500 PPM)

10 high hazard (large space, poor air circulation, PEL/TLV < 100 PPM)

5. Select an appropriate respirator and its corresponding protection factor from the PRCS Entry Program.

* 1 -- no respirator required

* 10 -- half-face negative pressure or powdered air purifying

* 50 -- full-face piece negative pressure or powdered air purifying, or full-face piece air line respirator.

* 100 -- full-face piece air line respirator or SCBA.

6. Calculate the ventilation rate in cubic feet per minute (CFM) from the following:

CFM = (6.45)x(1,000,000)x(evaporation rate)x(% volatile)x(weight per gal)

(molecular weight)x(PEL or TLV)x respirator protection factor

7. Ventilate the confined space at this CFM rate, or the rate determined for oxygen deficiency control, whichever is greater. Should welding and toxins release be anticipated to occur simultaneously in the same confined space, add 65 CFM per combustion device to the rate calculated for the toxins release.

Continue to measure the toxins concentration(s) in the Permit Required Confined Space during the entry. Adjust the ventilation rate as needed.

Example Calculation

An open-topped bin is scheduled for repainting. It is anticipated that 2 gallons of paint will be needed, and that the job will take two workers 8 hours to complete. The PRCS is 20’L x 10’W x 15’D, Large enough for the two workers to operate in comfortably.

Step 1: Evaporation Rate -- From the information given, calculate the evaporation rate: 2 gallons/8 hours = 0.25 gallons/hour

Step 2: MSDS Information - From the attached MSDS for this paint we find:

* weight per gallon = 11.56 pounds

* % volatile = 58.17 (0.5817)

* lowest PEL/TLV = 50 PPM for methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)

Step 3: Molecular Weight - From the attached list of molecular weights we find:

* molecular weight of MIBK =100.16

Step 4: Select Safety Factor

Based on the TLV of 50 PPM, use k=10

Step 5: Select Respirator Protection Factor

Workers are not planning to use respirators.

Use a factor of 1.

Step 6: Calculate Ventilation Rate

CFM = (6.45)x(1,000,000)x(K)x(evaporation rate)x(% volatile)x(weight per gal)

(molecular weight) x (PEL or TLV) x (respirator factor)

CFM = (6.45)x(1,000,000)x(10)x(0.25)x(0.5817)x(11.56)

(100.16) x (50) x (1)

CFM = 21,652

This will provide an atmosphere in the confined space where the use of respirators is not required. However, practically speaking this is too much to move through the space. Thus, an allowance for respirator use should be made. From page 20 of the program, select the half face negative pressure respirator, with a protection factor of 10. This will reduce the required ventilation by an equivalent factor of 10 to 2,165 CFM.

Step 7: Apply Ventilation to the Space

MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF COMMON SOLVENTS

SOLVENT MOLECULAR WEIGHT

Acetone 58.08

N-Butanol 74.12

2-Butoxyethanol 118.17

Butyl acetate 116.16

Isobutyl acetate 116.16

Methyl ethyl ketone 72.10

Methyl isobutyl ketone 100.16

Mineral spirits or Stoddard Solvent 128.36

Toluerie 92.13

VM&P naphtha 11.66

Xylene 106.16

Attachment C

Confined Space Evaluation Worksheet

I. GENERAL

Confined Space

___ No ___ Yes

___ Permit Required (PRCS)

___ Permit Required -- Atmosphere Only (PRCS-AO)

___ Permit Required -- Physical Hazards Only (PRCS-PHO)

___ Non-Permit Required (NPRCS)

Confined Space Location/Description __________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Frequency of Entry: ___________________________________________________________

Purposes for Entry ____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

II. CLASSIFICATION

___ Yes ___ No Is large enough and configured such that it may be entered to perform assigned work.

___ Yes ___ No Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit.

___ Yes ___ No Is not designed or intended for continuous occupancy.

If ALL three responses are YES, classify the space as a Confined Space and Proceed to Section III.

If any response is NO, the space is not a confined space. Mark the appropriate space in Section I and skip the remaining sections of this worksheet.

III. Potentially Hazardous Conditions

___ Yes ___ No Known or potential for hazardous atmosphere immediately dangerous to life or health. If YES, list:

__________________________________________________________

___ Yes ___ No Potential for engulfment of entrant.

___ Yes ___ No Inwardly sloping walls which could trap or cause asphyxiation of an entrant

___ Yes ___ No Floor that slopes downward or tapers to a smaller cross-section that could trap or cause asphyxiation of an entrant.

___ Yes ___ No Contains other recognized serious safety or health hazard(s) immediately dangerous to life and health. If YES, list:

__________________________________________________________

IV. EVALUATION

If no YES responses are recorded, list the confined space as a NON-PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE in Section I and continue with remainder of this worksheet.

If one or more YES responses are recorded, list the confined space as a PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE in Section I and continue with remainder of this worksheet.

If the only potential hazards involve physical hazards and you have current documentation that no potential atmospheric hazards can exist, list the confined space as a CONFINED SPACE - Physical Hazards Only in Section I and continue with remainder of this worksheet.

If the only YES response is for Item I: Hazardous Atmosphere, list the confined space as a PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE - ATMOSPHERE ONLY in Section I and continue with remainder of this worksheet.

V. ENTRY PROCEDURES

Atmospheric Tests Required: __________________________________________________

Personal protective Equipment Required:

___ Yes ___ No Hard Hat

___ Yes ___ No Respirator Type: ___________ Cartridges _____________

___ Yes ___ No Eyes Type: ______________

___ Yes ___ No Face Type: ______________

___ Yes ___ No Gloves Glove Material: __________________________

___ Yes ___ No Safety Shoes

___ Yes ___ No Overboots

___ Yes ___ No Coveralls/Suit Type: __________ Matl.: _______________

___ Yes ___ No Hearing

___ Yes ___ No Other

Lockout/Tagout/Isolation

___ Yes ___ No Electrical Power

___ Yes ___ No Air/Water/Gas Pressure

___ Yes ___ No Vacuum

___ Yes ___ No Line Breaking

___ Yes ___ No Line Block & Bleed

___ Yes ___ No Stored Energy Electrical or Mechanical

___ Yes ___ No Other: ______________________________________________

Safety Equipment Required:

___ Yes ___ No Fire Extinguisher

___ Yes ___ No Ventilation Blower

___ Yes ___ No Lighting

___ Yes ___ No Non-explosive Lighting

___ Yes ___ No Communication

___ Yes ___ No Other: ______________________________________________

Rescue Equipment Required:

___ Yes ___ No Body Harness

___ Yes ___ No Wristlets

___ Yes ___ No A Frame

___ Yes ___ No Winch

___ Yes ___ No Rescue Line

___ Yes ___ No Type C (Airline) Respirator

___ Yes ___ No Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)

___ Yes ___ No Other: ______________________________________________

Rescue Procedure: ____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Notes: _______________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

ATTACHMENT D

HOT WORK PERMIT

WARNING!

HOT WORK IN PROGRESS

WATCH FOR FIRE

IN CASE OF EMERGENCY:

CALL: _______________________________________________________________________

AT: __________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

WARNING !

ATTACHMENT E

CLARIFICATIONS & INTERPRETATIONS

The following clarifications and/or interpretations used in this Confined Space Program were obtained all, or in part, from various sources to include the Federal Register, Volume 58, No. 9, dated January 14, 1993.

Clarification/Interpretation Source

#1 A space that cannot be entered is not confined: FR 58-No. 9

therefore, it does not pose hazards.

This may also be interpreted as meaning that if we weld shut all openings to a PRCS, we no longer have to consider it a PRCS and no sign is required (unless it is reopened) since it can not be entered. (the exposure has been eliminated.) Locks on all opening covers do not constitute elimination of the potential hazards, and if used, the space would still be considered a PRCS.

#2 The definition of "entry" is not untended to indicate FR58 - No. 9

that a space large enough to accommodate only part of an employee’s body constitutes a permit space.

This may be interpreted as meaning that if part of an employee’s body breaks the plane of the entry portal, but the size of the portal is such that it is impossible for a person to enter the space, the space is not a PRCS (since total entry is not possible).

#3 Designed for Continuous Employee Occupancy FR58 - No. 9

(See Definition in Attachment B) Corp. Safety

APPENDIX A

Stephen F. Austin State University

SAFETY TRAINING/MEETINGS

1. DATE: ____________________

2. LEVEL: Agency____ Division____ Department ____ Section____

3. SUBJECT: ______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

4. MATERIAL COVERED: ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

5. TRAINING AIDS/EQUIPMENT: _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

6. PRESENTED BY: ________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

7. ATTENDEES' SIGNATURES:

_________________________	_________________________	_________________________
_________________________	_________________________	_________________________
_________________________	_________________________	_________________________
_________________________	_________________________	_________________________
_________________________	_________________________	_________________________
_________________________	_________________________	_________________________
_________________________	_________________________	_________________________
_________________________	_________________________	_________________________
_________________________	_________________________	_________________________
_________________________	_________________________	_________________________

APPENDIX B

SAFETY-MAINTENANCE CHECKLIST

FACILITY:

INSPECTOR:

DATE:

	YES	NO	NA
1. Are all exits properly lighted?
2. Are all exits free from obstructions?
3. Do all exit doors swing with egress of travel?
4. Are all supplies stored properly?
5. Are all storage rooms kept clean and orderly?
6. Are smoking regulations established & enforced?
7. Are proper ashtrays provided in designated smoking areas?
8. Are all employees familiar with the fire emergency plan?
9. Do all employees know location & use of fire extinguishers?
10. Have fire extinguisher been checked monthly?
11. Are fire emergency procedures posted at each phone?
12. Are the evacuation plans posted?
13. Are poison control numbers posted at each phone?
14. Are exit signs posted?
15. Is the first aid kit stored in an accessible location?
16. Are emergency numbers posted at each phone?
17. Has any device needing repair been reported to the appropriate office or agency?
18. Have evacuation drills been held quarterly and documented in the appointment book?
19. Is Hazardous Chemical List present and up-dated annually?
20. Are Emergency lights in good working order?
21. Are all offices and restrooms kept clean?
22. Are floors, aisles, and work areas kept free of tripping and slipping hazards?
23. Is house keeping equipment stored away?
24. Is rubbish, trash, garbage, etc. properly disposed of?
25. Are first aid kits in vehicles
26. Is there any evidence of pest infestation?
27. Are office, hallway, and restroom free of dirt?

Housing Operations and Physical Plant Department has individual Inspection Sheets for their specific needs.

APPENDIX C

Stephen F. Austin State University

EMPLOYEE SAFETY INFORMATION FORM

This form is for use by employees who wish to provide a safety suggestion or report an unsafe workplace condition or practice.

SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM MANUAL

EMPLOYEES ARE ADVISED THAT THE USE OF THIS FORM OR OTHER REPORTS OF UNSAFE CONDITIONS OR PRACTICES BE PROTECTED BY LAW. IT WOULD BE ILLEGAL FOR THE EMPLOYER TO TAKE ANY ACTION AGAINST AN EMPLOYEE IN REPRISAL FOR EXERCISING RIGHTS TO PARTICIPATE IN COMMUNICATIONS INVOLVING SAFETY.

To: Safety Director, PO Box 6113, SFA

Description and location of unsafe condition or practice:

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Causes or other contributing factors:

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Employee's suggestion for improving safety:

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Has this matter been reported to a supervisor?

Employee Name: ______________________________________

Division/Section: _____________________________________ Date: _______________________________

FOR SAFETY DIRECTOR USE

Responsibility Assigned to:

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Support Provided by:

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________

Target Date for Completion: _________________________________

Date Work Completed: ______________________________________

Work Order Number: ________________________________________

SUPERVISOR'S INVESTIGATION OF EMPLOYEE'S ACCIDENT/INCIDENT APPENDIX D

1. LAST NAME OF INJURED	2. FIRST NAME			3. M.I.	4. SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER - -			5. DATE OF BIRTH / /
6. SEX M  F 	7. DATE OF EMPLOYMENT IN UNIT / /			8. AGENCY NUMBER (COMPTROLLER'S CODE)				9. BUDGET NUMBER OF ASSIGNED UNIT
10. JOB CLASSIFICATION CODE	11. POSITION STATUS  Full-time  Part-time  Floater (Fills where needed)				12. DATE OF INCIDENT / /			12. TIME OF INCIDENT am  : pm 
A. EXTENT OF INJURY (Check one only)		D. ACTIVITY ENGAGED IN BY INJURED AT TIME OF INJURY (Check one only)					G. CONTINUED
No injury (incident only)							Fall on different level
Injury not requiring a TWCC-1S		Bathing Moving					Over-exertion (exceeding physical ability)
Medical		Buffing Operating					Overexposure to environmental hazards (noise, toxic)
Lost time only (more than one day)		Carrying Pulling					Repetitive Motion
Medical and lost time		Cleaning Pushing					Slip (not a fall)
Fatality		Climbing Reaching					Struck against (rough, sharp object)
B. CATEGORY (Check one only)		Cutting Redirecting					Struck by falling moving object
		Descending Restraining					Other (specify)
Occupational injury (accident)		Digging Running					H. PHYSICAL THING MOST CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH OCCURRENCE (Check one)
Occupational injury (aggressive behavior)		Dressing Sanding
Occupational illness/disease		Driving Sawing					Aircraft
		Eating Searching					Air pressure
C. SPECIFIC LOCATION OF OCCURRENCE (Check one only)		Escorting Securing					Animal (snake, dog, horse, etc.)
		Exercising Sitting					Athletic equipment (baseball, bat, dart, etc.)
INDOORS: BUILDING INVENTORY NO.		Feeding Standing					Attachments (belt, pulley, gear, shaft)
		Grinding Stripping					Cabinet
		Grooming Turning					Chemical (solid, liquid, or gas)
		Jumping Typing					Computer
Auditorium		Loading Walking					Clothing
Boiler room		Mopping Other (specify)					Container (bottle, box, barrel, cylinder, etc.)
Canteen/Snack bar							Curb
Cell block		E. BODY PART INJURED (Most Serious)					Doors (automatic, manual, revolving)
Classroom							Drugs or medicine
Closet		Ankle Internal organ					Dust
Day room		Arm Jaw					Electrical apparatus
Dormitory/Living Room		Back Knee(s)					Elevator, escalator
Elevator		Buttocks Leg(s)					Explosives
Food service area/Dining/Kitchen		Cheek Mouth					Eyewear
Garage		Chest Neck					Fan
Gymnasium/Recreation		Chin Nose					Fire, flame, smoke
Hallway/Corridor		Ear(s) Pelvis					Floor
Hospital/Clinic/Dispensary		Eye(s) Rib(s)					Food products
Laboratory		Foot-Feet Scalp					Fumes
Laundry		Finger/Thumb(s) Shoulder					Furniture, fixtures
Library		Forehead Toe(s)					Gas
Nursing station		Groin Wrist(s)					Glass items
Office areas		Hand Other (specify)					Gun
Program areas		Hips					Ground (earth)
Ramp		F. TYPE OF INJURY (Check primary one)					Hand tool
Sales store/Outlet							Heating equipment
Seclusion room		Abrasion Heat exhaustion					Hoisting equipment
Sleeping room		Amputation Hernia					Icy condition
Steps/Stairs/Stairway		Bite Infection					Infectious or parasitic agent
Storage area		Bruise Inflammation					Inmate, client, employee
Waiting room		Burn Internal injuries					Insect
Workshop/technical trades		Concussion Puncture					Kitchen equipment
Other specify		Cut Repetitive Trauma					Knife
OUTDOORS:		Dermatitis Rupture					Lighting fixture and equipment
		Dislocation Scratch					Ladder, scaffold
Athletic field		Foreign object Shock					Locker
Campus		Fracture Sprain/Strain					Machine
Grounds		Frostbite Sting					Material handling equipment
Highway/Road/Street		Hearing loss Other (specify)					Metal
Loading dock		Heart attack					Mineral items (asphalt, clay, gravel, etc.)
Park or recreation area		G. TYPE OF OCCURRENCE (Check one only)					Motor vehicle
Parking lot							Needle
Roof		Aggression (client, student, inmate, patient)					Office equipment (chair, desk, cabinet, etc.)
Sidewalk		Bodily reaction (drug, medication)					Paint
Steps/Stairs/Stairway		Caught in, on, under, or between					Particle
Storage area		Contact with chemicals					Pavement
Swimming pool area		Contact with electric current					Person (other than client, inmate, employee)
Tower		Contact with temperature extremes					Pipe
Other (specify)		Fall on same level					Platform, dock, ramp (Continued On Other Side)
H. CONTINUED			I. CONTINUED			J. CONTINUED

Pole			Riding moving equipment not designed for passengers			Unsafe/defective hand or electric tools
Power tool or machinery (lathe, saw, etc.)			Unobservant (daydreaming, inattentive, etc.)			Unsafe equipment
Radiating equipment (microwave, x-ray, etc.)			Using unsafe/defective tool, material equipment			Unsafe material
Receptacle			Using wrong tool, material equipment			Unsafe vehicle
Smoke			Working/Walking under suspended load (crane, hoist,			Unshored trench, excavation, etc.
Stair, step			derrick)			Walkway, sidewalk, pavement
Sun			Working in a confined space without proper safeguard			Other (specify)
Trench/Ditch			Working without adequate lighting
Vegetation			Other (specify)			K. DID A RULE, POLICY OR PROCEDURE APPLY TO
Weather						THIS MISHAP?
Wood			J. CONDITION (PHYSICAL HAZARD)
Other (specify)			ASSOCIATED WITH OCCURRENCE
I. ACT/PRACTICE ASSOCIATED WITH			(Check one)
OCCURRENCE (Check one only)						Yes No
Contact with electrical source (tool, device, wire, etc.)			Congested area
Entering an unauthorized area			Electrical hazard (uninsulated wire, overloaded circuit,			L. WAS THE RULE, POLICY OR PROCEDURE
Failure to practice safe driving technique			inadequate ground, etc.)			FOLLOWED? If no, explain in section N.
Failure to use established route or taking short cut			Excessive noise
Failure to use handrail, grab bar			Harmful animals/insects/reptiles			Yes No
Failure to use lockout device			Health hazards (radiation, gas, fumes, dust, vapors,
Failure to use personal protective equipment (PPE)			etc.)			M. ACTION(S) TAKEN OR PLANNED
Failure to warn of known hazards (i.e. no safety sign,			Improper housekeeping			TO PREVENT RECURRENCE?
light, barricade, instruction, etc.)			Improperly stored chemicals, hazardous substances			(Check all that apply)
Failure to wear appropriate dress (shoes, shirt, blouse)			Inadequate ventilation
Handling (of object, material, item, thing)			Inadequate or no warning signs			Action taken with employee for violating
Horseplay			Layout or design (office, shop, equipment)			rules, regulations or procedures
Improper mixing or storing (non-compatible material,			Lighting			All employees were made aware of the
chemicals, etc.)			Mislabeled/Unlabeled chemicals, hazardous materials,			occurrence, cause, consequence, and
Improper placing or storing (materials,tools,equipment)			etc.			action taken to prevent recurrence
Lifting (including position, stance)			No unsafe condition			Employee given basic training
Making safety devices inoperative			Open trench, hole, ditch, sharp drop-off			Employee given refresher or remedial training
No unsafe act/practice on the part of employee			Poisonous vegetation (oak, ivy, etc.)			Existing rule, regulation or standard (SOP)
Operating/Working at unsafe speed			Protruding object (nail, wire, splinter, etc.)			enforced
Operating without proper authority/clearance			Rough/Sharp objects			Existing rule, regulation or standard (SOP)
Over or unnecessary exposure to hazards (gas, fumes,			Slipping or tripping hazard			revised
dust, chemicals, mist, radiation, etc.)			Step, stairs, ladder, or other working surfaces			New rule, regulation or standard prepared
Repairing or servicing moving object/thing (machine,			Unguarded machine, belt, pulley, roller, etc.			Physical hazard(s) corrected
equipment, etc.)						Other positive action taken

N. DESCRIBE BRIEFLY IN NARRATIVE FORM THE CIRCUMSTANCES THAT LED TO AND CAUSED THIS OCCURRENCE.
ANSWER: WHO? WHAT? WHERE? WHEN? WHY? AND HOW? (Use additional sheet if necessary)





				/ /	( )
INJURED'S IMMEDIATE SUPERVISOR (print)		SIGNATURE		DATE	PHONE
REVIEWED BY	SECTION/DEPARTMENT/DIVISION ADDITIONAL DUTY SAFETY DIRECTOR COMMENT:



	SIGNATURE:		DATE: / /

	SECTION/DEPARTMENT/DIVISION HEAD COMMENT:


	SIGNATURE:		DATE: / /

	AGENCY OR FACILITY SAFETY MANAGER COMMENT:


	SIGNATURE:		DATE: / /

APPENDIX E

BOMB THREAT CHECKLIST

Exact time of call: ___________________________ Date of call _______________________________________

Exact words of caller: ________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

QUESTIONS TO ASK

1. When is the bomb going to explode? ___________________________________________________________

2. Where is the bomb? __________________________________________________________________________

3. What does it look like? ________________________________________________________________________

4. What kind of bomb is it? ______________________________________________________________________

5. What will cause it to explode? _________________________________________________________________

6. Did you place the bomb? ______________________________________________________________________

7. Why? ________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Where are you calling from? ___________________________________________________________________

9. What is your address? ________________________________________________________________________

10. What is your name? __________________________________________________________________________

CALLER'S VOICE Male____ Female____ Unsure____

Calm ________ Disguised _______ Nasal _______ Angry _______ Broken ________

Stutter _______Slow _______ Sincere _______ Lisp _______ Rapid _______

Giggling _______ Deep _______ Crying _______ Squeaky _______ Excited _______

Stressed _______ Accent _______ Loud _______ Slurred _______ Normal _______

If a voice is familar, who did it sound like? _____________________________________________________________

Was there any background noises? ___________________________________________________________________

Remarks: ___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Person receiving call: ________________________________________________________________________________

Telephone number call received at: ____________________________________________________________________

Reported call immediately to: UPD (911) and __________________________________________________________

APPENDIX F

REPORT OF MEDICAL STATUS/PHYSICIAN'S RELEASE

TO RETURN TO WORK

TO: ______________________________________________

EXAMINING PHYSICIAN

Stephen F. Austin State University

FROM: Donna Teel, Claims Coordinator, Assistant Safety Director

RE: ___________________________________________

EMPLOYEE NAME

It is our desire to assist your patient __________________________, our employee, to return to work as soon as possible, and to assist him/her in performing essential job functions at Stephen F. Austin State University.

This information is vital to any decision regarding:

A. The employee's working without risk of further injury;

B. The effect on his/her condition/illness;

C. Availability of an alternate duty position that meets the employee's needs as well as those of Stephen F. Austin State University;

D. Any reasonable, temporary, accommodations that can be made to aid the employee in performing his/her duties. Employee may receive a Bona Fide Job Offer for alternate duty to exceed no more than 12 weeks.

TO BE COMPLETED BY PHYSICIAN: (see reverse side for physical requirements of his/her duties)

______ Employee may return to FULL DUTY (no restriction) on: ________________________

______ Considering the limitations and having reviewed the job duties of this employee ALTERNATE DUTY

IS RECOMMENDED beginning on: _____________________________________________________________

Employee may receive a Bona Fide Job Offer for alternate duty to exceed no more than 12 weeks.

______ Employee is to be OFF WORK until re-evaluated, beginning on: ___________________________________

Next office visit: _____________________________________________________________________________________

Physician's Signature _________________________________________________ Date _______________________

If you have any questions regarding the information requested on this form, please contact: Donna Teel (409) 468-4514; P.O. Box 6113; Nacogdoches, TX 75962-6113

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE EMPLOYEE: This completed form must be returned to University Safety immediately after each visit to physician.

The physical requirements below, marked with an "X", are those required of the employee in performance of his/her duties. Please mark the indicated column with a response of "Yes" if the employee can accomplish that specific task.

* DUTY - Supervisor indicates with an "X" those that are applicable.

* YES OR NO - Marked by Physician for each duty indicated by supervisor.

DUTY	REQUIREMENTS	YES	NO	DUTY	REQUIREMENTS	YES	NO
( )	Heavy lifting, 45 lbs. & up	____	____	( )	Heavy Carrying, 45 lbs. & up	____	____
( )	Moderate lifting, 15 - 45 lbs.	____	____	( )	Moderate carrying, 15 - 45 lbs.	____	____
( )	Light lifting, up to 15 lbs.	____	____	( )	Light carrying, up to 15 lbs.	____	____
( )	Straight pulling	____	____	( )	Putting hand over hand	____	____
( )	Repeated bending	____	____	( )	Reaching above shoulders	____	____
( )	Simple grasping	____	____	( )	Dual simultaneous grasping	____	____
( )	Walking	____	____	( )	Standing	____	____
( )	Sitting	____	____	( )	Crawling	____	____
( )	Twisting	____	____	( )	Kneeling	____	____
( )	Pushing	____	____	( )	Stooping	____	____
( )	Climbing Stairs	____	____	( )	Climbing ladders	____	____
( )	Operating mechanical equipment	____	____	( )	Operating office equipment	____	____
	Specify:____________________				Specify:___________________
( )	Operating a motor vehicle	____	____	( )	Hearing	____	____
( )	Speaking	____	____	( )	Depth perception needed	____	____
( )	Ability to type	____	____
( )	Ability to see	____	____
( )	Ability to write	____	____
( )	Ability to read	____	____
( ) Must be able to intervene with individuals in combative or aggressive situations in an emergency. ____ ____
( ) Must be able to perform Cardiovascular Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in an emergency. ____ ____

OTHER ACTIVITIES SPECIFIED BY SUPERVISOR

( )	_________________________________________________	____	____
( )	_________________________________________________	____	____

_________________________________ _________________________________ ______________________

Physician's name (Printed) Physician's Signature Date